Genetic Information

Gene & Transcript Details

Gene
POLD1
Transcript
NM_002691.4 MANE Select
Total Exons
Reference Sequence
NC_000019.9
Alternative Transcripts
IDStatusDetails
NM_002691.2 Alternative 3470 nt | 57–3380
NM_002691.4 MANE Select 3436 nt | 46–3369
NM_002691.1 Alternative 3443 nt | 54–3377
NM_002691.3 Alternative 3464 nt | 70–3393

Variant Details

HGVS Notation
NM_002691.4:c.2185G>A
Protein Change
E729K
Location
Exon 18 (Exon 18 of )
18
5'Exon Structure3'
Functional Consequence
Loss of Function
Alternate Identifiers

Clinical & Population Data

Population Frequency

gnomAD
Global Frequency
0.0164 in 100,000
Extremely Rare
ACMG Criteria Applied PM2
This variant is absent or extremely rare in population databases (PM2 criteria applies).

ClinVar

Open
Classification
Uncertain Significance (VUS)
3 publications
Clinical Statement

"This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (5 clinical laboratories) and as Likely benign (3 clinical laboratories) and as likely benign (1 clinical laboratories)."

COSMIC Somatic Evidence

Open
COSMIC ID
COSM6325609
Recurrence
2 occurrences
PM1 Criteria
Not Applied
COSMIC Database Preview
COSMIC Preview
Accessing full COSMIC database details requires institutional login or subscription.

Functional Impact & Domains

Functional Domain

Hotspot Status
Not a hotspot
Domain Summary
This variant is not located in a mutational hotspot or critical domain.
Related Variants in This Domain
No evidence of other pathogenic variants at this position in gene POLD1.

Functional Studies & Therapeutic Relevance

Functional Summary

The POLD1 E729K variant has not been functionally characterized.

Database Previews
OncoKB
OncoKB Preview
JAX-CKB
JAX-CKB Preview

Click on previews to view full database entries. External databases may require institutional access.

Computational Analysis

Pathogenicity Predictions

SpliceAI
Predictor Consensus
Mixed/VUS
PP3 Applied
No
REVEL Score
0.234
Threshold: ≥0.75 = PP3 applied

SpliceAI Scores

Window: ±500bp
Effect Type Score Position
- Acceptor Loss (AL) 0.0 208 bp
- Donor Loss (DL) 0.0 -450 bp
+ Acceptor Gain (AG) 0.0 -181 bp
+ Donor Gain (DG) 0.0 108 bp
High impact (≥0.5) Medium impact (0.2-0.49) Low impact (<0.2)

VCEP Guidelines

Applied ACMG/AMP Criteria (VCEP Specific)

Filter Criteria:
PVS1

PVS1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PVS1 is: "Null variant in a gene where loss of function (LoF) is a known mechanism of disease (e.g., nonsense, frameshift, canonical ±1 or 2 splice sites, initiation codon, single or multi-exon deletion in a LoF gene)". The evidence for this variant shows: it is a missense change (E729K), not a null variant. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because the variant does not meet the definition of a null LoF variant.

PS1

PS1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PS1 is: "Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change". The evidence for this variant shows: no other pathogenic variant has been reported at residue E729. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because there is no prior pathogenic variant with the same amino acid change.

PS2

PS2 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PS2 is: "De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history". The evidence for this variant shows: no de novo occurrence has been documented and parental testing data are unavailable. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to lack of de novo confirmation.

PS3

PS3 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PS3 is: "Well-established functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product". The evidence for this variant shows: no functional characterization studies have been performed. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to absence of functional data.

PS4

PS4 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PS4 is: "Prevalence in affected individuals significantly increased compared with controls". The evidence for this variant shows: no case-control or familial prevalence data demonstrating enrichment in affected individuals. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to lack of statistical association data.

PM1

PM1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PM1 is: "Located in a mutational hot spot or well-established functional domain without benign variation". The evidence for this variant shows: E729 is not within a known hotspot or critical functional domain lacking benign variation. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because the variant does not lie in a recognized mutational hotspot.

PM2

PM2 (Moderate)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PM2 is: "Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive)". The evidence for this variant shows: present in gnomAD at MAF=0.0164% (46/281022 alleles) with no homozygotes, below the 0.1% threshold. Therefore, this criterion is applied at Moderate strength because the variant is extremely rare in population databases.

PM3

PM3 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PM3 is: "Detected in trans with a pathogenic variant for recessive disorders". The evidence for this variant shows: no reports of this variant in trans with a pathogenic POLD1 variant. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to absence of trans observation data.

PM4

PM4 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PM4 is: "Protein length changes due to in-frame deletions/insertions or stop-loss variants". The evidence for this variant shows: it is a missense substitution without change in protein length. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because there is no alteration of protein length.

PM5

PM5 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PM5 is: "Novel missense change at an amino acid residue where a different pathogenic missense change has been seen". The evidence for this variant shows: no other pathogenic missense changes have been reported at residue E729. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because there is no known pathogenic variant at this codon.

PM6

PM6 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PM6 is: "Assumed de novo, but without confirmation of paternity and maternity". The evidence for this variant shows: no de novo assumption data are available. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to lack of any de novo evidence.

PP1

PP1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PP1 is: "Co-segregation with disease in multiple affected family members". The evidence for this variant shows: no segregation data are available. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to absence of family segregation information.

PP2

PP2 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PP2 is: "Missense variant in a gene with a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease". The evidence for this variant shows: POLD1 does not have clear evidence of low benign missense variation rate or a predominance of pathogenic missense mechanism. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because gene-specific constraints do not support it.

PP3

PP3 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PP3 is: "Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product". The evidence for this variant shows: in silico tools (CADD, PolyPhen, MetaSVM, MetaLR, PrimateAI, REVEL=0.23, SpliceAI=0) predominantly predict benign impact. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because computational evidence does not support deleterious effect.

PP4

PP4 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PP4 is: "Patient's phenotype or family history highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology". The evidence for this variant shows: no phenotype or clinical context was provided. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to lack of phenotype information.

PP5

PP5 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for PP5 is: "Reputable source reports variant as pathogenic, but without accessible evidence". The evidence for this variant shows: ClinVar submissions are conflicting (VUS and Likely Benign). Therefore, this criterion is not applied because no unequivocally pathogenic report exists without evidence.

BA1

BA1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BA1 is: "Allele frequency is too high for the disorder". The evidence for this variant shows: MAF=0.0164%, far below the >5% threshold. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because allele frequency is not excessively high.

BS1

BS1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BS1 is: "Allele frequency is greater than expected for the disorder". The evidence for this variant shows: frequency is low (0.0164%) relative to expected for a dominant condition. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because the frequency does not exceed disease prevalence expectations.

BS2

BS2 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BS2 is: "Observed in a healthy adult individual for a dominant (with full penetrance expected at an early age), X-linked or mitochondrial disorder with full penetrance". The evidence for this variant shows: no documented observations in confirmed healthy individuals. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to lack of healthy individual data.

BS3

BS3 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BS3 is: "Well-established functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function or splicing". The evidence for this variant shows: no such functional studies exist. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to absence of functional assay data.

BS4

BS4 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BS4 is: "Lack of segregation in affected family members". The evidence for this variant shows: no segregation analysis has been performed. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to absence of segregation information.

BP1

BP1 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP1 is: "Missense variant in a gene where only loss-of-function causes disease". The evidence for this variant shows: POLD1 disease mechanisms include pathogenic missense variants. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because missense is a known mechanism of disease in POLD1.

BP2

BP2 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP2 is: "Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for dominant disorders or in cis with a pathogenic variant". The evidence for this variant shows: no observations of this variant in cis or trans with pathogenic POLD1 variants. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to lack of such observations.

BP3

BP3 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP3 is: "In-frame deletions/insertions in a repetitive region without known function". The evidence for this variant shows: it is a missense change, not an in-frame indel in a repetitive region. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because it does not meet the indel context.

BP4

BP4 (Supporting)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP4 is: "Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product". The evidence for this variant shows: CADD, PolyPhen, MetaSVM, MetaLR, PrimateAI predict benign; REVEL=0.23; SpliceAI=0. Therefore, this criterion is applied at Supporting strength because computational evidence consistently predicts no functional impact.

BP5

BP5 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP5 is: "Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease". The evidence for this variant shows: no cases reported with an alternative molecular basis. Therefore, this criterion is not applied due to absence of such case data.

BP6

BP6 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP6 is: "Reputable source reports variant as benign, but without accessible evidence". The evidence for this variant shows: ClinVar submissions include conflicting assertions and some likely benign calls with accessible evidence. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because no single benign assertion without evidence is present.

BP7

BP7 (Not Applied)

According to standard ACMG guidelines the rule for BP7 is: "Synonymous variant with no predicted impact on splicing". The evidence for this variant shows: it is a nonsynonymous (missense) variant. Therefore, this criterion is not applied because the variant is not synonymous.