Genetic Information
Gene & Transcript Details
| ID | Status | Details |
|---|---|---|
| NM_016222.4 | MANE Select | 2099 nt | 17–1885 |
| NM_016222.2 | Alternative | 2118 nt | 22–1890 |
| NM_016222.3 | Alternative | 2478 nt | 382–2250 |
Variant Details
Clinical & Population Data
Population Frequency
gnomADClinVar
OpenThis sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Ala500Argfs*52) in the DDX41 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in DDX41 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 26712909, 27133828). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with DDX41-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 4010358). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.
"This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (2 clinical laboratories)."
COSMIC Somatic Evidence
Open
Functional Impact & Domains
Functional Domain
The DDX41 A500Rfs*52 variant is a truncating mutation that results in loss of protein function. Functional studies, including in vivo experiments with zebrafish, demonstrate that this truncating mutation leads to increased proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, supporting a damaging effect consistent with its role in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Computational Analysis
Pathogenicity Predictions
SpliceAISpliceAI Scores
Window: ±500bp| Effect Type | Score | Position |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptor Loss (AL) | 0.04 | -132 bp |
| Donor Loss (DL) | 0.01 | -491 bp |
| Acceptor Gain (AG) | 0.01 | 0 bp |
| Donor Gain (DG) | 0.02 | -223 bp |
VCEP Guidelines
Applied ACMG/AMP Criteria (VCEP Specific)
PVS1 (Very Strong)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PVS1 is: "Null variant (nonsense, frameshift, canonical ±1 or 2 splice sites, initiation codon, single/multiexon deletion) in a gene where loss of function is a known mechanism of disease." The evidence for this variant shows: c.1480_1496dupAAGGGCCTGGACTTCCC generates a frameshift (A500Rfs*52) predicted to result in loss of function, and DDX41 is known to be disease‐associated via loss of function. Therefore, this criterion is applied at Very Strong strength because this truncating variant is a null variant in a gene where LOF is a known mechanism.
PS1 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PS1 is: "Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change." The evidence for this variant shows: it is a frameshift duplication resulting in a novel termination, not the same amino acid change as any known pathogenic variant. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PS2 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PS2 is: "De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history." The evidence for this variant shows: no information on parental testing or de novo status. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PS3 (Strong)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PS3 is: "Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product." The evidence for this variant shows: zebrafish in vivo functional studies demonstrate that the A500Rfs*52 truncating mutation leads to increased proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, consistent with damaging effect. Therefore, this criterion is applied at Strong strength.
PS4 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PS4 is: "The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared to controls." The evidence for this variant shows: no published case-control or cohort data quantifying enrichment in affected versus controls. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PM1 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PM1 is: "Located in a mutational hot spot and/or critical and well-established functional domain without benign variation." The evidence for this variant shows: no specific data on domain or hotspot location in DDX41. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PM2 (Moderate)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PM2 is: "Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) in population databases." The evidence for this variant shows: it is absent from gnomAD, 1000 Genomes, and ESP. Therefore, this criterion is applied at Moderate strength.
PM3 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PM3 is: "For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant." The evidence for this variant shows: DDX41‐related disease is not established as recessive with compound heterozygosity, and no trans data are available. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PM4 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PM4 is: "Protein length changes due to in-frame deletions/insertions or stop-loss variants." The evidence for this variant shows: it is a frameshift duplication leading to premature stop, not an in-frame change. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PM5 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PM5 is: "Novel missense at an amino acid residue where a different missense change is pathogenic." The evidence for this variant shows: it is a frameshift, not a missense. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PM6 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PM6 is: "Assumed de novo, without confirmation of paternity and maternity." The evidence for this variant shows: no de novo data are provided. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PP1 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PP1 is: "Cosegregation with disease in multiple affected family members." The evidence for this variant shows: no segregation data in families. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PP2 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PP2 is: "Missense variant in a gene with a low rate of benign missense variation and pathogenic missense variants are common." The evidence for this variant shows: it is a frameshift, not a missense. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PP3 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PP3 is: "Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product." The evidence for this variant shows: in silico splicing prediction (SpliceAI max 0.04) is below significance, and frameshift impact is covered by PVS1. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PP4 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PP4 is: "Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology." The evidence for this variant shows: no phenotype or clinical presentation data. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
PP5 (Supporting)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for PP5 is: "Reputable source reports variant as pathogenic but evidence not available for independent evaluation." The evidence for this variant shows: ClinVar entries from two clinical laboratories classify it as Pathogenic. Therefore, this criterion is applied at Supporting strength.
BA1 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BA1 is: "Allele frequency is >5% in population databases." The evidence for this variant shows: allele frequency is 0%. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BS1 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BS1 is: "Allele frequency greater than expected for disorder." The evidence for this variant shows: allele frequency is 0%, below any threshold. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BS2 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BS2 is: "Observed in healthy adult individuals with full penetrance expected at an early age." The evidence for this variant shows: no data on healthy carriers. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BS3 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BS3 is: "Well-established functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function." The evidence for this variant shows: functional studies show damaging effect. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BS4 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BS4 is: "Lack of segregation in affected members of a family." The evidence for this variant shows: no segregation data. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP1 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP1 is: "Missense variant in a gene for which primarily truncating variants cause disease." The evidence for this variant shows: it is a truncating variant. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP2 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP2 is: "Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for dominant disorders or in cis with a pathogenic variant." The evidence for this variant shows: no data on phasing with other variants. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP3 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP3 is: "In-frame indel in a repetitive region without a known function." The evidence for this variant shows: it is a frameshift duplication, not an in-frame indel in a repetitive region. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP4 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP4 is: "Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product." The evidence for this variant shows: computational splicing prediction is benign but variant is a frameshift covered by PVS1. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP5 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP5 is: "Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease." The evidence for this variant shows: no alternate cause reported. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP6 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP6 is: "Reputable source reports variant as benign but evidence not available." The evidence for this variant shows: no such reports. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.
BP7 (Not Applied)
According to standard ACMG guidelines, the rule for BP7 is: "Synonymous variant with no predicted splice impact and low evolutionary conservation." The evidence for this variant shows: it is not synonymous. Therefore, this criterion is not applied.