Genetic Information

Gene & Transcript Details

Gene
PALB2
Transcript
NM_024675.3 MANE Select
Total Exons
Reference Sequence
NC_000016.9
Alternative Transcripts
IDStatusDetails
NM_024675.4 MANE Select 4008 nt | 154–3714
NM_024675.3 RefSeq Select 4069 nt | 201–3761

Variant Details

HGVS Notation
NM_024675.3:c.3113G>A
Protein Change
W1038*
Location
Exon 10 (Exon 10 of )
10
5'Exon Structure3'
Functional Consequence
Loss of Function
Alternate Identifiers

Clinical & Population Data

Population Frequency

gnomAD
Global Frequency
0.00601 in 100,000
Extremely Rare
ACMG Criteria Applied PM2
This variant is absent or extremely rare in population databases (PM2 criteria applies).

ClinVar

Open
Classification
Pathogenic
2 publications
Publications List
PMID: 17200668

PM5_supporting, PS4, PVS1

PMID: 21285249

This variant is predicted to result in loss of function through nonsense-mediated decay of the encoded transcript or premature truncation of the encoded protein in a gene in which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease (ACMG/AMP: PVS1). Well-established functional studies have demonstrated this variant to have a damaging effect on protein function or splicing (ACMG/AMP: PS3; PMIDs:21285249, 23448497, 31757951). This variant has been reported at an elevated frequency in affected individuals/in multiple affected individuals in the literature (ACMG/AMP: PS4; PMIDs:17200668, 21182766, 21285249, 23471749, 27595995). This variant has been shown to segregate with disease in multiple affected family members (ACMG/AMP: PP1; PMIDs:17200668, 23471749).

PMID: 17200668

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Trp1038*) in the PALB2 gene. RNA analysis indicates that this premature translational stop signal induces altered splicing and may result in an absent or altered protein product. This variant is present in population databases (rs180177132, gnomAD 0.01%). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with breast cancer (PMID: 17200668, 21182766, 21285249, 23471749). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 126711). Studies have shown that this premature translational stop signal results in activation of a cryptic splice site, and produces a non-functional protein and/or introduces a premature termination codon (internal data). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.

Clinical Statement

"This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (31 clinical laboratories) and as pathogenic (1 clinical laboratories) and as Pathogenic by ClinGen Hereditary Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer Variant Curation Expert Panel, ClinGen expert panel."

COSMIC Somatic Evidence

Open
COSMIC ID
COSM9496586
Recurrence
2 occurrences
PM1 Criteria
Not Applied
COSMIC Database Preview
COSMIC Preview
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Functional Impact & Domains

Functional Domain

Hotspot Status
Not a hotspot
Domain Summary
This variant is not located in a mutational hotspot or critical domain.
Related Variants in This Domain
No evidence of other pathogenic variants at this position in gene PALB2.

Functional Studies & Therapeutic Relevance

Functional Summary

Error in OpenAI Consolidation. OncoKB: PALB2W1038*PALB2W1038*SomaticNCBI Gene:79728|Show additional gene information Variant OverviewPALB2, a scaffolding protein involved in DNA repair, is altered in various cancers.The PALB2 W1038* is a truncating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene, and therefore is likely oncogenic.Hide mutation effect description The mutation effect description for truncating mutations in PALB2 is: PALB2 truncating mutations can form several forms of C-terminally truncated PALB2 protein and are found in breast cancers. As such, PALB2 is considered a rare breast cancer susceptibility gene. In patient studies, PALB2 truncation mutations were shown to significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, with similar risks for estrogen receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer. PALB2 truncation mutations have also been found in cases of hereditary male breast cancer (PMID: 28858227, 18053174, 25529982, 29484706, 28279176, 28779002). JAX-CKB: PALB2 W1038* results in a premature truncation of the Palb2 protein at amino acid 1038 of 1186 (UniProt.org). W1038* confers a loss of function to the Palb2 protein as demonstrated by decreased protein stability (PMID: 31757951), aberrant cytosolic accumulation, decreased Brca2 binding and Rad51 foci formation (PMID: 28158555), and impaired homologous recombination in cultured cells (PMID: 28158555, PMID: 31757951).

Database Previews
OncoKB
OncoKB Preview
JAX-CKB
JAX-CKB Preview

Click on previews to view full database entries. External databases may require institutional access.

Computational Analysis

Pathogenicity Predictions

SpliceAI
Predictor Consensus
Mixed/VUS
PP3 Applied
Yes
REVEL Score
0.0
Threshold: ≥0.75 = PP3 applied

SpliceAI Scores

Window: ±500bp
Effect Type Score Position
- Acceptor Loss (AL) 0.63 116 bp
- Donor Loss (DL) 0.74 0 bp
+ Acceptor Gain (AG) 0.0 460 bp
+ Donor Gain (DG) 0.17 31 bp
High impact (≥0.5) Medium impact (0.2-0.49) Low impact (<0.2)

VCEP Guidelines

Applied ACMG/AMP Criteria (VCEP Specific)

Filter Criteria:
PVS1

PVS1 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

PS3

PS3 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

PM2

PM2 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

PP3

PP3 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

PP5

PP5 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)