Genetic Information

Gene & Transcript Details

Gene
KRAS
Transcript
NM_004985.4 MANE Select
Total Exons
Reference Sequence
NC_000012.11
Alternative Transcripts
IDStatusDetails
NM_004985.5 MANE Select 5306 nt | 191–757
NM_004985.4 Alternative 5765 nt | 193–759
NM_004985.3 Alternative 5312 nt | 182–748

Variant Details

HGVS Notation
NM_004985.4:c.173C>T
Protein Change
T58I
Location
Exon 3 (Exon 3 of )
3
5'Exon Structure3'
Functional Consequence
Loss of Function
Alternate Identifiers

Clinical & Population Data

Population Frequency

gnomAD
Global Frequency
0.0 in 100,000
Extremely Rare
ACMG Criteria Applied PM2
This variant is absent or extremely rare in population databases (PM2 criteria applies).

ClinVar

Open
Classification
Pathogenic
1 publications
Publications List
PMID: 16474405

The Thr58Ile variant in KRAS has been previously reported in at least one fetus, one infant, and one child with clinical features of Noonan syndrome (Schubbert 2006, Houweling 2010, Croonen 2013, LMM-unpublished data). In both the fetus and the infant, the variant was reported to be de novo (Schubbert 2006, Croonen 201 3). Functional studies show that this variant impacts the protein's GTPase activ ity and leads to overall enhanced downstream signaling (Schubbert 2006, Gremer 2 010). In addition, this variant was absent from large population studies. In sum mary, this variant meets our criteria to be classified as pathogenic (http://pcp gm.partners.org/LMM).

PMID: 16474405

The c.173C>T (p.Thr58Ile) variant in KRAS has been reported in the literature as an unconfirmed de novo occurrence in a patient with clinical features of a RASopathy (PM6_Strong; PMID 23321623, 20112233, 16921267, 16474405, 22488832, 18247425, 20949621). This variant was absent from large population studies (PM2; ExAC, http://exac.broadinstitute.org). In vitro functional studies provide some evidence that the p.Thr58Ile variant may impact protein function (PS3; PMID: 23321623, 20949621, 16921267). Furthermore, the variant is in a location that has been defined by the ClinGen RASopathy Expert Panel to be a mutational hotspot or domain of KRAS (PM1; PMID 29493581). The variant is located in the KRAS gene, which has been defined by the ClinGen RASopathy Expert Panel as a gene with a low rate of benign missense variants and pathogenic missense variants are common (PP2; PMID: 29493581). Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis suggest that the p.Thr58Ile variant may impact the protein (PP3). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as pathogenic for RASopathies in an autosomal dominant manner. Rasopathy-specific ACMG/AMP criteria applied (PMID:29493581): PM6_Strong, PS3, PM2, PM1, PP2, PP3.

PMID: 16474405

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 58 of the KRAS protein (p.Thr58Ile). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Noonan syndrome and Costello syndrome and Noonan syndrome (PMID: 16474405, 17704260, 19396835, 20186801). In at least one individual the variant was observed to be de novo. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 12588). Invitae Evidence Modeling incorporating data from in vitro experimental studies (internal data) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt KRAS function with a positive predictive value of 95%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects KRAS function (PMID: 16474405, 20949621). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.

Clinical Statement

"This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (5 clinical laboratories) and as Pathogenic by ClinGen RASopathy Variant Curation Expert Panel expert panel."

COSMIC Somatic Evidence

Open
COSMIC ID
COSM87288
Recurrence
24 occurrences
PM1 Criteria
Applied
COSMIC Database Preview
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Functional Impact & Domains

Functional Domain

Hotspot Status
Not a hotspot
Domain Summary
This variant is not located in a mutational hotspot or critical domain.
Related Variants in This Domain
No evidence of other pathogenic variants at this position in gene KRAS.

Functional Studies & Therapeutic Relevance

Functional Summary

Error in OpenAI Consolidation. OncoKB: KRAST58IKRAST58ISomaticNCBI Gene:3845|Show additional gene information Variant OverviewKRAS, a GTPase which functions as an upstream regulator of the MAPK pathway, is frequently mutated in various cancer types including lung, colorectal and pancreatic cancers.The KRAS T58I mutation is likely oncogenic.Hide mutation effect description The KRAS T58I mutation is located in the catalytic G-domain of the protein. This mutation has been found in leukemia and lung cancer (PMID: 28572459). Expression of this mutation in vitro demonstrated that it is activating as measured by increased protein and pathway activation compared to wildtype (PMID: 20949621). In vitro studies demonstrated that this mutation confers resistance to the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and dasatinib, in BCR-ABL-expressing murine leukemia cells as measured by sustained proliferation in the presence of the drug. In a case study, one patient with chronic myeloid leukemia that acquired this mutation developed resistance to imatinib despite initially responding to the drug (PMID: 18509354). JAX-CKB: No results found

Database Previews
OncoKB
OncoKB Preview
JAX-CKB
JAX-CKB Preview

Click on previews to view full database entries. External databases may require institutional access.

Computational Analysis

Pathogenicity Predictions

SpliceAI
Predictor Consensus
Mixed/VUS
PP3 Applied
No
REVEL Score
0.0
Threshold: ≥0.75 = PP3 applied

SpliceAI Scores

Window: ±500bp
Effect Type Score Position
- Acceptor Loss (AL) 0.01 61 bp
- Donor Loss (DL) 0.0 -15 bp
+ Acceptor Gain (AG) 0.0 225 bp
+ Donor Gain (DG) 0.03 -5 bp
High impact (≥0.5) Medium impact (0.2-0.49) Low impact (<0.2)

VCEP Guidelines

Applied ACMG/AMP Criteria (VCEP Specific)

Filter Criteria:
PS3

PS3 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

PM2

PM2 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

PP5

PP5 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)

BP4

BP4 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))

From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)