Genetic Information
Gene & Transcript Details
| ID | Status | Details |
|---|---|---|
| NM_024675.4 | MANE Select | 4008 nt | 154–3714 |
| NM_024675.3 | RefSeq Select | 4069 nt | 201–3761 |
Variant Details
Clinical & Population Data
Population Frequency
gnomADClinVar
OpenThe p.E3* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.7G>T), located in coding exon 1 of the PALB2 gene, results from a G to T substitution at nucleotide position 7. This changes the amino acid from a glutamic acid to a stop codon within coding exon 1. This alteration was identified in multiple individuals diagnosed with breast cancer (Zhou J et al. Cancer, 2020 Jul;126:3202-3208; Ng PS et al. J Med Genet, 2022 May;59:481-491). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation.
This variant changes 1 nucleotide in exon 1 of the PALB2 gene, creating a premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. This variant has been reported in two individuals affected breast cancer and an individual affected with both breast and endometrial cancer (PMID: 30093976, 32339256). This variant has been detected in a breast cancer case-control meta-analysis in 3/60466 cases and 0/53461 unaffected individuals (PMID: 33471991; Leiden Open Variation Database DB-ID PALB2_011235). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of PALB2 function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic.
This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Glu3*) in the PALB2 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in PALB2 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 17200668, 17200671, 17200672, 24136930, 25099575). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with breast and endometrial cancer (PMID: 30093976). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 241571). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.
"This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (8 clinical laboratories) and as Pathogenic by ClinGen Hereditary Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer Variant Curation Expert Panel, ClinGen expert panel."
COSMIC Somatic Evidence
Open
Functional Impact & Domains
Functional Domain
Error in OpenAI Consolidation. OncoKB: PALB2E3*PALB2E3*SomaticNCBI Gene:79728|Show additional gene information Variant OverviewPALB2, a scaffolding protein involved in DNA repair, is altered in various cancers.The PALB2 E3* is a truncating mutation in a tumor suppressor gene, and therefore is likely oncogenic.Hide mutation effect description The mutation effect description for truncating mutations in PALB2 is: PALB2 truncating mutations can form several forms of C-terminally truncated PALB2 protein and are found in breast cancers. As such, PALB2 is considered a rare breast cancer susceptibility gene. In patient studies, PALB2 truncation mutations were shown to significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, with similar risks for estrogen receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer. PALB2 truncation mutations have also been found in cases of hereditary male breast cancer (PMID: 28858227, 18053174, 25529982, 29484706, 28279176, 28779002). JAX-CKB: PALB2 E3* results in a premature truncation of the Palb2 protein at amino acid 3 of 1186 (UniProt.org). E3* has not been characterized however, due to the effects of other truncation mutations downstream of E3 (PMID: 31636395, PMID: 31757951), is predicted to lead to a loss of Palb2 protein function.
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Computational Analysis
Pathogenicity Predictions
SpliceAISpliceAI Scores
Window: ±500bp| Effect Type | Score | Position |
|---|---|---|
| Acceptor Loss (AL) | 0.0 | -166 bp |
| Donor Loss (DL) | 0.05 | -24 bp |
| Acceptor Gain (AG) | 0.0 | -3 bp |
| Donor Gain (DG) | 0.15 | 128 bp |
VCEP Guidelines
Applied ACMG/AMP Criteria (VCEP Specific)
PVS1 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))
From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)
PS3 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))
From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)
PM2 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))
From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)
PP5 (Unknown (Pre-LLM))
From pre-LLM assessment (LLM Failed)