Starting
Initialising…
0%
MLH1
Final classification
Uncertain Significance - Conflicting Evidence
MLH1 c.1094G>A · p.Ser365Asn
MLH1

NM_000249.4:c.1094G>A (p.Ser365Asn) is a missense variant in exon 12 of MLH1, absent from gnomAD v4.1 and v2.1 (PM2_Supporting per VCEP v2.0.0).

Gene
MLH1
Transcript
NM_000249.4
HGVS · transcript:coding
NM_000249.4:c.1094G>A
Consequence
N/A
GRCh38
chr3:37025692 G>A
GRCh37
chr3:37067183 G>A
Basis ClinGen InSiGHT Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Expert Panel Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Interpretation Guidelines for MLH1 Version 2.0.0 v2.0.0 criteria-combination framework: matched Rule31 (Benign.Supporting >=1 + Pathogenic.Supporting >=1) with applied criteria: PM2 supporting, BP4 supporting benign; maps to Uncertain Significance - Conflicting Evidence.
ClinGen InSiGHT Hereditary Colorectal Cancer/Polyposis Expert Panel Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Interpretation Guidelines for MLH1 Version 2.0.0 v2.0.0 criteria-combination framework: matched Rule31 (Benign.Supporting >=1 + Pathogenic.Supporting >=1) with applied criteria: PM2 supporting, BP4 supporting benign; maps to Uncertain Significance - Conflicting Evidence.
Classification rationale
PM2 BP4 Uncertain Significance - Conflicting Evidence
MLH1 c.1094G>A

NM_000249.4:c.1094G>A (p.Ser365Asn) is a missense variant in exon 12 of MLH1, absent from gnomAD v4.1 and v2.1 (PM2_Supporting per VCEP v2.0.0).1 In silico predictors strongly favor a benign effect: HCI prior probability is 0.0025 (BP4_Supporting per VCEP, threshold <0.11), REVEL score is 0.321, and BayesDel score is -0.220172.2 SpliceAI predicts no splicing impact (max delta score 0.01), confirming the variant does not create a cryptic splice site.3 The InSiGHT Locus-Specific Database (Thompson et al. 2013, PMID:22949387) classifies this variant as Class 5 (Pathogenic) based on a multifactorial likelihood model incorporating yeast-based MMR functional defect data and co-segregation in multiple families, but the quantitative calibrated functional odds and segregation likelihood ratios required for VCEP PS3 and PP1 strength assignment were not available in the case materials.4 ClinVar reports this variant as Uncertain Significance (4 clinical laboratories, criteria provided single submitter, ClinVar ID 1790197).5 No tumor pathology data (MSI status, MMR IHC, BRAF V600E, MLH1 methylation) was available to assess PP4 or BP5. Several criteria designated as Not Applicable by the VCEP were not assessed: PVS1 (missense, not null), PS4, PM1, PM6, PP2, PP5, BP1, BP2, BP6, BP7.6

PM2 + BP4 Uncertain Significance - Conflicting Evidence
Gene diagram · NM_000249.4 · variants mapped to exon structure
MLH1 NM_000249.4
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
Applied criteria · 2 met · select any tile
Met
Not met
Not assessed
N/A
Strength very strong supporting
Pathogenic evidence
PVS
PS
PM
PP
Benign evidence
BA
BS
BP
Rationale
Select a criterion.
Sources
Evidence used
    Gaps remaining
      Rule
      Research & evidence
      Population frequency
      gnomAD v4.1 screenshot
      gnomAD v4.1
      gnomAD v2.1 screenshot
      gnomAD v2.1
      v4.1
      Absent from gnomAD v4.1.
      v2.1
      Absent from gnomAD v2.1.
      🇨🇦 CA
      This variant is absent from gnomAD-Canada.
      Allele frequency by ancestry
      three datasets · side by side
      gnomAD v4.1
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      gnomAD v2.1
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      gnomAD Canada 🇨🇦
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      ClinVar screenshot
      ClinVar
      This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (4 clinical laboratories). (ClinVarID = 1790197)
      SpliceAI screenshot
      In silico
      SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.01). REVEL score = 0.321. BayesDel score = -0.220172. HCI prior probability for pathogenicity = 0.0025. Custom PP2 score = 0.007.
      Functional / OncoKB screenshot
      Functional Unknown Oncogenic Effect
      OncoKB did not identify variant-specific reviewed functional evidence for this variant; gene-level curated context is available for reviewer follow-up. MLH1, a DNA mismatch repair protein, is recurrently altered by deletion and mutation in various cancer types.
      OncoKB ↗
      COSMIC screenshot
      COSMIC
      Cancer hotspots screenshot
      Cancer hotspots
      Somatic evidence Not in COSMIC / hotspots
      COSMIC
      This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).
      Hotspots
      This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
      Sources & reference links
      8Sources
      CSpec VCEP
      ClinVar
      gnomAD v2.1
      gnomAD v4.1
      SpliceAI
      OncoKB
      COSMIC
      Cancer hotspots
      Triaged references · 9 PMIDs not cited in assessment
      15662714 ↗ Identification of Muir-Torre syndrome among patients with sebaceous tumors and keratoacanthomas: role of clinical features, microsatellite instability, and immunohistochemistry. CLINVAR
      25070057 ↗ Guidelines on genetic evaluation and management of Lynch syndrome: a consensus statement by the US Multi-society Task Force on colorectal cancer. CLINVAR
      25645574 ↗ ACG clinical guideline: Genetic testing and management of hereditary gastrointestinal cancer syndromes. CLINVAR
      25741868 ↗ Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. CLINVAR
      11598466 ↗ Practice parameters for the identification and testing of patients at risk for dominantly inherited colorectal cancer--supporting documentation. CLINVAR
      15604628 ↗ Genetic cancer risk assessment and counseling: recommendations of the national society of genetic counselors. CLINVAR
      20065170 ↗ American Society of Clinical Oncology policy statement update: genetic and genomic testing for cancer susceptibility. CLINVAR
      20301390 ↗ Lynch Syndrome. CLINVAR
      28492532 ↗ Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria. CLINVAR