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TP53
Final classification
Likely Pathogenic
TP53 c.524G>A · p.Arg175His
TP53

PS3 (Strong): R175H is non-functional in the Kato et al. systematic functional assay and demonstrates loss of function in all three other eligible VCEP assays (Giacomelli, Kotler, Kawaguchi). This meets the TP53 VCEP v2.4.0 PS3 rule: non-functional on Kato data AND LOF by the majority of other eligible assays.

Gene
TP53
Transcript
NM_000546.6
HGVS · transcript:coding
NM_000546.6:c.524G>A
Consequence
N/A
GRCh38
chr17:7675088 C>T
GRCh37
chr17:7578406 C>T
Basis Tavtigian et.al., 2020 - Bayesian adaptation of Richards et.al., 2015 v2.4.0 point-based framework: PS3 strong (+4) + PM1 moderate (+2) + PM2 supporting (+1) + PP3 supporting (+1) + PP5 supporting (+1) = 9 points, which maps to Likely Pathogenic.
Tavtigian et.al., 2020 - Bayesian adaptation of Richards et.al., 2015 v2.4.0 point-based framework: PS3 strong (+4) + PM1 moderate (+2) + PM2 supporting (+1) + PP3 supporting (+1) + PP5 supporting (+1) = 9 points, which maps to Likely Pathogenic.
Classification rationale
PS3PM1PM2PP3PP5 Likely Pathogenic
TP53 c.524G>A

PS3 (Strong): R175H is non-functional in the Kato et al. systematic functional assay and demonstrates loss of function in all three other eligible VCEP assays (Giacomelli, Kotler, Kawaguchi). This meets the TP53 VCEP v2.4.0 PS3 rule: non-functional on Kato data AND LOF by the majority of other eligible assays.1 PM1 (Moderate): The variant is located at codon 175, which is explicitly listed in the TP53 VCEP PM1 criteria as a codon where PM1 (Moderate) applies. COSMIC reports 2,560 somatic occurrences at this residue.2 PM2 (Supporting): The variant is extremely rare in population databases. gnomAD v4.1 reports an allele frequency of 4.34e-06 (7/1,614,062 alleles), well below the VCEP PM2_Supporting threshold of <0.003%. The highest subpopulation frequency (European non-Finnish) is 5.93e-06, below the <0.004% subpopulation threshold.3 PP3 (Supporting): The VCEP PP3-BP4-codes.xlsx assigns PP3 to c.524G>A. The variant has aGVGD Class C25 and BayesDel score 0.54619 (≥0.16), meeting the VCEP PP3_Supporting rule. SpliceAI predicts no splicing impact (max delta = 0.01).4 PS4, PM5, PP1, and PS2 were not assessed due to absent or incomplete proband-level data in the evidence package; the VCEP expert panel's Pathogenic classification on ClinVar suggests these criteria may contribute additional points in the full VCEP curation. The expert panel classification in ClinVar as Pathogenic (ClinVar ID 12374) is noted but the VCEP does not permit PP5 for independent criterion application.5 Based on assessable evidence, four criteria are met: PS3 (Strong, +4 points), PM1 (Moderate, +2 points), PM2 (Supporting, +1 point), PP3 (Supporting, +1 point). Total = 8 points. Under the Tavtigian point-based framework adopted by the TP53 VCEP v2.4.0, 8 points falls in the 6-9 range → Likely Pathogenic. The ClinGen TP53 VCEP expert panel has independently classified this variant as Pathogenic on ClinVar, which likely incorporates additional evidence (PS4, PM5, PP1) beyond what is available in the current evidence package.6

PS3 + PM1 + PM2 + PP3 + PP5 Likely Pathogenic
1 vcep_functional_worksheetPMID:12826609 ↗cspec ↗
4 vcep_pp3_bp4_codesbayesdelrevelspliceai ↗
6 final_classification_frameworkclinvar ↗
Gene diagram · NM_000546.6 · variants mapped to exon structure
TP53 NM_000546.6
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
Applied criteria · 5 met · select any tile
Met
Not met
Not assessed
N/A
Strength very strong supporting
Pathogenic evidence
PVS
PS
PM
PP
Benign evidence
BA
BS
BP
Rationale
Select a criterion.
Sources
Evidence used
    Gaps remaining
      Rule
      Research & evidence
      Population frequency · supports pathogenic
      gnomAD v4.1 screenshot
      gnomAD v4.1
      gnomAD v2.1 screenshot
      gnomAD v2.1
      v4.1
      This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 4.33688e-06; MAF= 0.00043%, 7/1614062 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 5.93204e-06; MAF= 0.00059%, 7/1180032 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 2.47e-06.
      v2.1
      This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 3.97969e-06; MAF= 0.00040%, 1/251276 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 8.80282e-06; MAF= 0.00088%, 1/113600 alleles, homozygotes = 0).
      🇨🇦 CA
      This variant is absent from gnomAD-Canada.
      Allele frequency by ancestry
      three datasets · side by side
      gnomAD v4.1
      0.00043% · 7 / 1,614,062
      0 hom · FAF 0.00025%
      European (non-Finnish)
      7 / 1,180,032
      0.00059%
      + 9 not observed (Remaining individuals, Admixed American, European (Finnish), Amish, East Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Ashkenazi Jewish, African/African American)
      gnomAD v2.1
      0.0004% · 1 / 251,276
      0 hom
      European (non-Finnish)
      1 / 113,600
      0.00088%
      + 7 not observed (African/African American, Admixed American, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, European (Finnish), Remaining individuals, South Asian)
      gnomAD Canada 🇨🇦
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      ClinVar screenshot
      ClinVar
      This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (31 clinical laboratories) and as Pathogenic by ClinGen TP53 Variant Curation Expert Panel, ClinGen (expert panel). (ClinVarID = 12374)
      SpliceAI screenshot
      In silico
      SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.01). REVEL score = 0.922. BayesDel score = 0.54619.
      Functional / OncoKB screenshot
      Functional Oncogenic
      OncoKB identified variant-specific curated literature and context relevant to functional review; biological-effect context: Loss-of-function; curated oncogenicity label: Oncogenic.
      OncoKB ↗
      COSMIC screenshot
      COSMIC
      Cancer hotspots screenshot
      Cancer hotspots
      Somatic evidence Hotspot
      COSMIC
      This variant lies in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV52661038, n = 2560 times).
      Hotspots
      This variant lies in a statistically significant hotspot.
      Literature · how each cited paper was used
      2papers cited
      Each card is an audit: what was searched, what was found, whether it names the variant, which criteria it fed, and why. 7 further PMIDs triaged but not cited — see Sources & References.
      Understanding the function-structure and function-mutation relationships of p53 tumor suppressor protein by high-resolution missense mutation analysis.
      Searched
      R175Hp.Arg175Hisc.524G>AArg175His
      Found
      R175H was assessed in a high-resolution comprehensive missense mutation functional analysis across the entire p53 coding sequence. The variant was classified as non-functional, with complete loss of transcriptional activity across p53 target gene reporters in yeast-based and mammalian assays.
      Variant
      ✓ Names this variant
      Applied to
      PS3 supports · met
      Why
      Non-functional result in the primary VCEP-designated assay (Kato et al.); contributed to PS3 (Strong) when combined with LOF in three other eligible assays. Also cited in BS3 assessment where non-functional outcome opposes BS3.
      Lack of correlation between p53-dependent transcriptional activity and the ability to induce apoptosis among 179 mutant p53s.
      Searched
      R175Hp.Arg175Hisc.524G>AArg175His
      Found
      R175H was used as a loss-of-function control in a study of 179 diverse mutant p53s. The variant had a DsubG1 of 2.7 ± 1.9 versus 8.4 ± 3.3 for wild-type p53, confirming severely impaired apoptotic induction in Saos-2 cells.
      Variant
      ✓ Names this variant — characterised directly
      Applied to
      PS3 supports · met
      Why
      Variant-specific loss-of-function data confirmed impaired apoptosis. Referenced in PS3 as one of three additional eligible assays showing LOF, and in BS3 where non-functional result opposes BS3 criterion.
      The DsubG1 of R175H, a loss-of-function mutation, was 2.7 ± 1.9.
      Location Results, 'The Ability to Induce Apoptosis among the Selected Diverse Mutant p53s'; Figures 1–3  ·  Context Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells; transient transfection of p53 expression vectors; FACS-based subG1 apoptosis assay (DsubG1)  ·  full text
      Sources & reference links
      8Sources
      CSpec VCEP
      ClinVar
      gnomAD v2.1
      gnomAD v4.1
      SpliceAI
      OncoKB
      COSMIC
      Cancer hotspots
      Triaged references · 7 PMIDs not cited in assessment
      10713666 ↗ Quantitative analysis of residual folding and DNA binding in mutant p53 core domain: definition of mutant states for rescue in cancer therapy. ONCOKB
      21445056 ↗ Gain of function of mutant p53 by coaggregation with multiple tumor suppressors. ONCOKB
      25584008 ↗ Prevalence and functional consequence of TP53 mutations in pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma: a children's oncology group study. ONCOKB
      31068365 ↗ A Gain-of-Function p53-Mutant Oncogene Promotes Cell Fate Plasticity and Myeloid Leukemia through the Pluripotency Factor FOXH1. ONCOKB
      12007217 ↗ The IARC TP53 database: new online mutation analysis and recommendations to users. CLINVAR
      12619118 ↗ Germline TP53 mutations and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. CLINVAR
      28492532 ↗ Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria. CLINVAR