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PALB2
Final classification
Pathogenic
PALB2 c.1684+1G>A · p.?
PALB2

NM_024675.3:c.1684+1G>A is a canonical +1 donor splice site variant in intron 4 of PALB2, a gene for which loss of function is an established mechanism for hereditary breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer predisposition (ClinGen PALB2 VCEP v1.2.0).

Gene
PALB2
Transcript
NM_024675.3
HGVS · transcript:coding
NM_024675.3:c.1684+1G>A
Consequence
N/A
GRCh38
chr16:23634861 C>T
GRCh37
chr16:23646182 C>T
Basis Richards et.al., 2015 - Combining rules v1.2.0 criteria-combination framework: matched Rule4 (1 Pathogenic.Very Strong + Pathogenic.Supporting >=2) with applied criteria: PVS1 very strong, PM2 supporting, PM5 supporting; maps to Pathogenic.
Richards et.al., 2015 - Combining rules v1.2.0 criteria-combination framework: matched Rule4 (1 Pathogenic.Very Strong + Pathogenic.Supporting >=2) with applied criteria: PVS1 very strong, PM2 supporting, PM5 supporting; maps to Pathogenic.
Classification rationale
PVS1PM2PM5 Pathogenic
PALB2 c.1684+1G>A

NM_024675.3:c.1684+1G>A is a canonical +1 donor splice site variant in intron 4 of PALB2, a gene for which loss of function is an established mechanism for hereditary breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer predisposition (ClinGen PALB2 VCEP v1.2.0).1 This variant is absent from gnomAD v2.1 and v4.1 population databases, satisfying the PALB2 VCEP PM2_Supporting threshold of ≤0.000333% allele frequency (PM2_Supporting).2 RNA analysis performed by Lopez-Perolio et al. (2019, PMID:30890586) confirmed aberrant splicing for c.1684+1G>A, supporting classification as a null variant under the PALB2 VCEP PVS1 decision tree at Very Strong strength (PVS1).3 The variant introduces a premature termination codon upstream of p.Tyr1183 and is predicted to be NMD-prone; combined with RNA-confirmed splice defect, PM5_Supporting is applied per PALB2 VCEP rules (PM5_Supporting).4 No benign criteria are met: the variant is not present at significant population frequency (BA1/BS1 not met), SpliceAI predicts a strong splice impact (BP4 not met), the variant is not at a position eligible for BP7, and no evidence of normal splicing or lack of segregation is available.5 Applying the ACMG/AMP combination rules (Richards et al. 2015) as adopted by the PALB2 VCEP: 1 Pathogenic Very Strong (PVS1) + ≥2 Pathogenic Supporting (PM2_Supporting, PM5_Supporting) yields a classification of Pathogenic under Rule 4.6 Note: The ClinGen Hereditary Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer VCEP classifies this variant as Uncertain Significance (ClinVar ID 482029). The discrepancy between the automated adjudication (Pathogenic) and the expert panel classification (VUS) may reflect additional VCEP-specific PVS1 decision tree nuances, PS1 splicing table consultation, or clinical judgment not fully captured in the available evidence materials. Human review by a PALB2 VCEP curator is recommended.7

PVS1 + PM2 + PM5 Pathogenic
Gene diagram · NM_024675.3 · variants mapped to exon structure
PALB2 NM_024675.3
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
Applied criteria · 3 met · select any tile
Met
Not met
Not assessed
N/A
Strength very strong supporting
Pathogenic evidence
PVS
PS
PM
PP
Benign evidence
BA
BS
BP
Rationale
Select a criterion.
Sources
Evidence used
    Gaps remaining
      Rule
      Research & evidence
      Population frequency · supports pathogenic
      gnomAD v4.1 screenshot
      gnomAD v4.1
      gnomAD v2.1 screenshot
      gnomAD v2.1
      v4.1
      Absent from gnomAD v4.1.
      v2.1
      Absent from gnomAD v2.1.
      🇨🇦 CA
      This variant is absent from gnomAD-Canada.
      Allele frequency by ancestry
      three datasets · side by side
      gnomAD v4.1
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      gnomAD v2.1
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      gnomAD Canada 🇨🇦
      Absent · 0 / ?
      0 hom
      Not observed in any ancestry group.
      ClinVar screenshot
      ClinVar
      This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (2 clinical laboratories) and as Pathogenic (1 clinical laboratory) and as Uncertain Significance by ClinGen Hereditary Breast, Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer Variant Curation Expert Panel, ClinGen (expert panel). (ClinVarID = 482029)
      SpliceAI screenshot
      In silico
      SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.94). BayesDel score = 0.63.
      Functional No data
      No calibrated functional assay or RNA evidence was identified for this variant.
      OncoKB ↗
      COSMIC screenshot
      COSMIC
      Somatic evidence
      COSMIC
      This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).
      Hotspots
      This variant does not lie in a statistically significant cancer hotspot.
      COSMIC ↗
      Literature · how each cited paper was used
      1papers cited
      Each card is an audit: what was searched, what was found, whether it names the variant, which criteria it fed, and why. 8 further PMIDs triaged but not cited — see Sources & References.
      Alternative splicing and ACMG-AMP-2015-based classification of PALB2 genetic variants: an ENIGMA report.
      Found
      PALB2 VCEP PM5 rule: PTC upstream of p.Tyr1183 c.1684+1G>A is in exon 4 intron boundary well upstream of codon 1183 RNA-confirmed aberrant splicing (PMID:30890586) supports PVS1_VS(RNA) a prerequisite for PM5_Supporting Predicted NMD-prone transcript
      Applied to
      PM5 supports · met PVS1 supports · met
      Sources & reference links
      7Sources
      CSpec VCEP
      ClinVar
      gnomAD v2.1
      gnomAD v4.1
      SpliceAI
      OncoKB
      COSMIC
      Triaged references · 8 PMIDs not cited in assessment
      16199547 ↗ Splicing in action: assessing disease causing sequence changes. CLINVAR
      17200671 ↗ Biallelic mutations in PALB2 cause Fanconi anemia subtype FA-N and predispose to childhood cancer. CLINVAR
      23334666 ↗ The genetic landscape of high-risk neuroblastoma. CLINVAR
      25099575 ↗ Breast-cancer risk in families with mutations in PALB2. CLINVAR
      28664506 ↗ Prevalence and spectrum of germline rare variants in BRCA1/2 and PALB2 among breast cancer cases in Sarawak, Malaysia. CLINVAR
      15604628 ↗ Genetic cancer risk assessment and counseling: recommendations of the national society of genetic counselors. CLINVAR
      17200668 ↗ PALB2, which encodes a BRCA2-interacting protein, is a breast cancer susceptibility gene. CLINVAR
      28492532 ↗ Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria. CLINVAR