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Variant interpretation report

SOD1 c.14C>T, p.Ala5Val

NM_000454.5:c.14C>T NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val) Missense · exon 1 View identifiers
Classification
Likely pathogenic

Variant description:

The SOD1 NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val)) missense variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC). Experimental evidence: Independent A4V assays showed at least 18-fold faster dimer dissociation than wild-type SOD1 and reproducible structural, stability, and aggregation abnormalities. Based on available guidelines, this variant is considered to be Likely Pathogenic.

Five-step scale from benign to pathogenic. This variant is likely pathogenic. Select a step to read what it means.

Likely pathogenic.A likely pathogenic classification under the recorded framework.

In plain language

Gene-level background from the recorded interpretation.

About SOD1

SOD1 produces a copper- and zinc-containing antioxidant enzyme that helps protect cells by converting harmful superoxide molecules into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Changes in this gene can cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive disease affecting nerve cells that control movement. SOD1 has no established direct role in cancer.

LYFE Sciences is an AI system, and it can make mistakes. Criteria may be applied incorrectly, sources may be misread, and a confident-looking classification can still be wrong. Double-check every criterion and its underlying evidence before relying on any call.
01The reasoning

How it was classified

The recorded framework is Generic ACMG/AMP 2015 with ClinGen SVI recommendations. The criteria and strengths shown below come from the saved assessment; this page does not recalculate the classification.

Recorded applied criteria

The applied criteria and their strengths are shown as assessed under the stated framework.

Pathogenic evidence criteria: 4 Benign evidence criteria: 0
Pathogenic criteria applied · 4
PS1Strong
PS1 · strong

Met: The same Ala-to-Val substitution is reported as pathogenic SOD1 A4V in multiple ALS studies, despite the one-residue mature-protein numbering offset.

PS3Moderate
PS3 · moderate

Met at moderate strength: independent A4V assays showed at least 18-fold faster dimer dissociation than wild-type SOD1 and reproducible structural, stability, and aggregation abnormalities.

PM2Supporting
PM2 · supporting

Met at supporting: gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF is 2.8e-07, below the <=0.0001 PM2 threshold, with zero homozygotes.

PP3Moderate
PP3 · moderate

Met at moderate strength: missense REVEL 0.853 meets the >=0.773 PP3 threshold.

Benign criteria applied · 0

No benign criterion marked as applied in the recorded assessment.

Recorded classification: Likely pathogenic

Likely Pathogenic: PS1 (strong), PS3 (moderate), PM2 (supporting), and PP3 (moderate) satisfy the generic ACMG/AMP fallback rule of 1 strong plus 1–2 moderate criteria.

02The sources

Evidence at a glance

Evidence summaries and captured source records, where available. Missing entries should not be interpreted as negative findings.

gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD v2.1
Population frequency
2 / 1,613,934 alleles

gnomAD v4.1: 2 / 1,613,934 alleles. Recorded AF 1.23921e-06. Recorded homozygote count 0.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 3.5929e-05; MAF= 0.00359%, 9/250494 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 7.95672e-05; MAF= 0.00796%, 9/113112 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 4.135e-05.

gnomAD-Canada

Not available in gnomAD-Canada v1.0.

No screenshot for this evidence
REVEL score
0.853 recorded score

Recorded REVEL score: 0.853. Refer to the recorded PP3/BP4 rationale for interpretation.

ClinVar submissions
8 reported laboratory submissions

8 Pathogenic. ClinVar API review status: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts.

Context only ClinVar ↗
No screenshot for this evidence
Functional evidence
Not recorded

No standalone functional evidence summary is recorded in evidence_summary.functional.

COSMIC
Cancer Hotspots
Somatic evidence
No matching record reported

This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.

For specialists

Technical detail

ACMG/AMP criteria under Generic ACMG/AMP 2015 with ClinGen SVI recommendations, with the data and sources behind each one.

28 criteria with recorded statuses: 4 met · 9 not met · 10 not assessed · 5 not applicable. Open any row for the full reasoning, the rule and the evidence behind it.

Met Not met Not assessed Not applicable

The functional evidence supports PS3 at moderate strength because multiple independent variant-specific assays with wild-type or assay controls consistently demonstrate damaging SOD1 biophysical phenotypes, while the supplied record does not establish clinical-laboratory validation required for strong strength.

BS3 is not met because no study demonstrates preserved SOD1 protein function or normal splicing for this variant.

PS4 was not assessed because the only verified case-control result was for a linked haplotype, not exact-variant carrier prevalence with an OR/RR and 95% CI.

PP4 was not met because ALS is not highly specific for a single genetic etiology.

PP5 and BP6 were not met because no exact-variant ClinVar expert-panel assertion exists and published evidence is independently available.

BP5 was not assessed because no alternate molecular basis was documented.

For this missense variant, the generic computational-evidence path is REVEL only: PP3 is met at moderate strength by REVEL 0.853, while BP4 is not met because the score exceeds the <=0.29 benign threshold.

Met · 4

PS1 StrongACMG_2015Met: The same Ala-to-Val substitution is reported as pathogenic SOD1 A4V in multiple ALS studies, despite the one-residue mature-protein numbering offset. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

NM_000454.5:c.14C>T produces NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val). Multiple studies report the same alanine-to-valine substitution as SOD1 A4V under mature-protein numbering and describe it as pathogenic in ALS. The one-residue numbering difference is an annotation convention; the amino-acid change is identical.

Rule
Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change. ... Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level.
Evidence considered
  • Age and founder effect of SOD1 A4V mutation causing ALS, PMID:19176896: the paper explicitly reports an alanine-to-valine substitution in codon 4 (A4V; GCC>GTC) and associates it with rapidly progressive autosomal-dominant ALS; this is the same Ala>Val change as NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val) under the mature-protein numbering offset.
  • Structural and biophysical properties of metal-free pathogenic SOD1 mutants A4V and G93A, PMID:19800308: the abstract explicitly identifies A4V as a pathogenic SOD1 variant associated with ALS.
  • ALS-causing SOD1 mutations promote production of copper-deficient misfolded species, PMID:21549128: the paper directly studies SOD1 A4V and identifies it as the common ALS-associated mutation in North America.
Sources
PS3 ModerateACMG_2015Met at moderate strength: independent A4V assays showed at least 18-fold faster dimer dissociation than wild-type SOD1 and reproducible structural, stability, and aggregation abnormalities. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PS3 is met at moderate strength. The queried SOD1 c.14C>T, p.(Ala5Val) variant is the A4V mature-protein variant studied in multiple independent functional systems. Recombinant human A4V showed accelerated unfolding, zinc and copper release, beta-barrel conformational change, and dimer dissociation, with dimer dissociation at least 18-fold faster than wild type (PMID:21549128). Independent structural and biophysical analyses found disordered metal-binding-loop regions, concentration-dependent self-association/monomerization, and marked thermal destabilization of A4V (PMID:19800308). In HEK293FT cells, A4V was evaluated against wild type and used as a normalized aggregation control; the aggregation assay was repeated at least three times and up to 24 times for wild type and A4V controls (PMID:19483195). These variant-specific results consistently support impaired SOD1 stability, folding, and aggregation-related function, but the supplied evidence does not establish validation and reproducibility in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting or a single directly disease-proximal assay sufficient for strong strength.

Rule
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:21549128: In vitro time-resolved unfolding assays of recombinant human SOD1 on a wild-type background measured zinc and copper release, beta-barrel conformational change, and dimer dissociation; A4V dimer dissociation was at least 18-fold faster than wild type.
  • PMID:19800308: X-ray crystallography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and thermal-stability analyses of recombinant human A4V identified disordered metal-binding-loop regions, concentration-dependent self-association/monomerization, and marked destabilization.
  • PMID:19483195: HEK293FT aggregation assays compared wild-type and mutant SOD1, normalized A4V aggregation propensity to 1, and repeated wild-type/A4V control experiments at least three times and up to 24 times.
Still missing
  • No evidence was supplied that these assays were validated and shown to be reproducible and robust in a clinical diagnostic laboratory setting.
  • The functional studies primarily measure biophysical stability, folding, and aggregation-related phenotypes rather than a directly disease-proximal motor-neuron assay for this exact variant.
Sources
PM2 SupportingACMGMet at supporting: gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF is 2.8e-07, below the <=0.0001 PM2 threshold, with zero homozygotes. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM2 is met at supporting strength. The variant is present but extremely rare in the default all-comers populations: gnomAD v4.1 has AF=1.23921e-06 with grpmax FAF=2.8e-07, and gnomAD v2.1 has AF=3.5929e-05 with grpmax FAF=4.135e-05. The gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer-exome result is concordant (AF=3.80418e-05; grpmax FAF=4.516e-05), and all sources report zero homozygotes; these values are <= the supplied PM2 supporting threshold of 0.0001.

Rule
PM2 (supporting): <= 0.0001 — SVI recommendation to downgrade PM2 to Supporting (ClinGen SVI 2020) (PMID:25741868)
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: AF=1.23921e-06 (2/1,613,934 alleles), grpmax FAF=2.8e-07, homozygotes=0.
  • gnomAD v2.1 all-comers: AF=3.5929e-05 (9/250,494 alleles), grpmax FAF=4.135e-05, homozygotes=0.
  • gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes: AF=3.80418e-05 (9/236,582 alleles), grpmax FAF=4.516e-05, homozygotes=0; this is concordant but the governing framework provides no source-specific requirement to replace the default all-comers source.
  • Generic calibration supplied for this case: PM2 (supporting) <=0.0001 — SVI recommendation to downgrade PM2 to Supporting (ClinGen SVI 2020) (PMID:25741868).
Sources
PP3 ModerateACMGMet at moderate strength: missense REVEL 0.853 meets the >=0.773 PP3 threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is a missense substitution, NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val), so the governing generic rule requires the missense REVEL path only; SpliceAI and BayesDel are not used. REVEL is 0.853, meeting the generic PP3 moderate threshold of >= 0.773 from the ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997).

Rule
PP3: Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). ... PP3 (moderate): >= 0.773 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: REVEL score 0.853 for NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val).
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997): generic PP3 moderate threshold >= 0.773; the observed score 0.853 meets this threshold.
  • The variant consequence is missense; under the generic one-path rule, REVEL is the applicable predictor and SpliceAI is not counted for PP3.
Sources
revel

Not met · 9 · evaluated, threshold not reached

PM1 ACMG_2015Not met: Residue 5 has no approved critical-domain or hotspot evidence, and the cancer-hotspot search returned no statistically significant hotspot. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The SOD1 VCEP record has no released criterion specifications and vcep_materials.json has no SOD1 domain-table entry to establish an authoritative critical domain. The variant is also reported as absent from the statistically significant cancer-hotspot search. The supplied SOD1 literature describes ALS-associated point mutations as scattered throughout the protein and provides no evidence that residue 5 is a mutational hotspot or a critical, well-established functional domain without benign variation.

Rule
Located in a mutational hot spot and/or critical and well-established functional domain (e.g. active site of an enzyme) without benign variation.
Evidence considered
  • The SOD1 CSPEC record is listed but has no released criteria, and vcep_materials.json contains domain_tables: {} for SOD1; therefore no VCEP-authoritative domain list establishes residue 5 as critical.
  • Cancer Hotspots search for SOD1 A5 returned search_status no_result and found false, with the recorded conclusion that the variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
  • Common denominator of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PMID:12482932: the abstract states that more than 100 SOD1 point mutations associated with ALS are scattered throughout the protein and provide no clear functional or structural clues to the disease mechanism; it does not identify residue 5 as a critical domain or hotspot.
Sources
PP4 ACMG_2015Not met: ALS, even with rapid lower-motor-neuron progression, is not highly specific for a single genetic etiology such as SOD1. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The verified literature describes the variant in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including rapidly progressive lower-motor-neuron disease. That phenotype is not highly specific for a single genetic etiology because ALS is genetically heterogeneous and can occur through multiple molecular causes; the case materials provide no phenotype or family-history evidence that makes this presentation uniquely diagnostic of SOD1-related disease. Thus the generic PP4 definition is not satisfied.

Rule
Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.
Evidence considered
  • Saeed et al. 2009, PMID:19176896, Abstract: A4V was associated with rapidly progressive dominant ALS with exclusively lower motor neuron disease.
  • The reported ALS phenotype is not sufficiently specific to establish a single genetic etiology, and no uniquely SOD1-specific phenotype or family history was supplied.
Sources
PP5 ACMG_2015Not met: no exact-variant ClinVar expert-panel pathogenic classification exists, and the published evidence is available for independent evaluation. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The exact variant is classified as Pathogenic in ClinVar by ordinary clinical-laboratory submissions, with zero expert-panel submissions. The verified PMID:19176896 paper reports A4V as causing a rapidly progressive dominant ALS phenotype, but its clinical and genetic findings are available for independent evaluation and therefore do not satisfy the PP5 condition that the evidence be unavailable to the laboratory. Ordinary submissions, aggregate ClinVar labels, and non-expert assertions cannot independently trigger PP5 under the required exact-variant expert-panel rule.

Rule
Reputable source recently reports variant as pathogenic, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Evidence considered
  • ClinVar variation 14763 audit: exact NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val) is Pathogenic in clinical-laboratory submissions, with expert_panel_submissions = 0.
  • Saeed et al. 2009, PMID:19176896, reports A4V as causing rapidly progressive dominant ALS, but the paper is available and was independently reviewed; it is not an unavailable reputable-source assertion.
Sources
BA1 ACMGNot met: gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF is 2.8e-07, far below the >=0.05 BA1 threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BA1 is not met. The governing generic threshold is >=0.05, but the appropriate filtering frequency is gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF=2.8e-07; gnomAD v2.1 all-comers grpmax FAF=4.135e-05 and non-cancer exomes grpmax FAF=4.516e-05 are also far below 0.05. The observed gnomAD population has 2/1,613,934 total alleles in v4.1 and no homozygotes, so no population-frequency basis supports a stand-alone benign call.

Rule
BA1 (stand-alone): >= 0.05 — ACMG/AMP 2015 stand-alone benign allele frequency (PMID:25741868)
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: AF=1.23921e-06 (2/1,613,934 alleles), homozygotes=0, grpmax FAF=2.8e-07.
  • gnomAD v2.1 all-comers: AF=3.5929e-05 (9/250,494 alleles), homozygotes=0, grpmax FAF=4.135e-05; non-cancer exomes: AF=3.80418e-05 (9/236,582 alleles), grpmax FAF=4.516e-05.
  • Generic calibration supplied for this case: BA1 (stand-alone) >=0.05 — ACMG/AMP 2015 stand-alone benign allele frequency (PMID:25741868).
Sources
BS1 ACMGNot met: gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF is 2.8e-07, well below the generic >=0.01 BS1 frequency threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS1 is not met on the available population data. The generic default threshold is >=0.01, whereas the filtering gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF is 2.8e-07; gnomAD v2.1 all-comers and non-cancer-exome grpmax FAF values are 4.135e-05 and 4.516e-05, respectively. These are not greater than expected for a rare SOD1 ALS disorder, and no prevalence, penetrance, or allelic-heterogeneity calculation is needed to convert these much lower frequencies into BS1.

Rule
BS1 (strong): >= 0.01 — Generic SVI default; per-gene derivation preferred (Whiffin et al. 2017) (PMID:28518168)
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: grpmax FAF=2.8e-07; the largest observed population point estimate is European (non-Finnish) AF=1.69504e-06 from 2/1,179,914 alleles.
  • gnomAD v2.1 all-comers: grpmax FAF=4.135e-05; non-cancer exomes: grpmax FAF=4.516e-05.
  • The frequency used for BS1 is the filtering grpmax FAF rather than the popmax point estimate, and the population-level FAF values are far below the supplied generic BS1 default of >=0.01.
  • Generic BS1 calibration supplied for this case: >=0.01, with per-gene maximum-credible-frequency derivation preferred (Whiffin et al. 2017, PMID:28518168).
Sources
BS3 ACMG_2015Not met: all variant-specific functional results identified abnormal SOD1 stability, folding, dimerization, or aggregation rather than no damaging effect on protein function or splicing. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS3 is not met. The available variant-specific functional studies report destabilization, accelerated unfolding, impaired dimer behavior, structural disorder, and aggregation-related abnormalities for A4V rather than demonstrating no damaging effect on SOD1 protein function or splicing. No well-established benign functional assay result with appropriate controls was identified for this variant.

Rule
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function or splicing.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:21549128: A4V accelerated multiple SOD1 unfolding processes and dimer dissociation relative to wild type.
  • PMID:19800308: A4V showed structural disorder, monomerization tendency, and thermal destabilization.
  • PMID:19483195: A4V was used as an aggregation reference mutant and was not shown to have preserved or normal protein function.
Still missing
  • No well-established benign functional assay demonstrating preserved SOD1 protein function or normal splicing was identified.
Sources
BP1 ACMG_2015Not met: SOD1 disease is characterized by numerous point or missense mutations and gain of function, not primarily truncating variants. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

SOD1 disease evidence does not support a gene in which primarily truncating variants cause disease. The supplied literature instead describes numerous disease-associated point or missense mutations and a gain-of-function mechanism, while the queried variant is missense.

Rule
Missense variant in a gene for which primarily truncating variants are known to cause disease.
Evidence considered
  • Common denominator of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PMID:12482932: the abstract reports more than 100 disease-associated SOD1 point mutations.
  • Disulfide-reduced ALS variants of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase exhibit increased populations of unfolded species, PMID:20184893: the abstract describes mutations at dozens of SOD1 sites and characterizes ALS associated with SOD1 mutations as a gain-of-function disease mechanism.
Sources
BP4 ACMGNot met: missense REVEL 0.853 exceeds the <=0.29 BP4 supporting threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is a missense substitution, so the governing generic rule requires the missense REVEL path only; SpliceAI cannot substitute for REVEL, and BayesDel has no established generic calibration. REVEL is 0.853, which does not meet any BP4 threshold, including the supporting threshold of <= 0.29 from the ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997).

Rule
BP4: Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc) ... BP4 (supporting): <= 0.29 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: REVEL score 0.853 for NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val).
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997): generic BP4 supporting threshold <= 0.29; the observed score 0.853 does not meet it.
  • The variant consequence is missense; under the generic one-path rule, SpliceAI is not used to establish BP4 for this variant, and BayesDel is not available for generic PP3/BP4 calibration.
Sources
revel
BP6 ACMG_2015Not met: no exact-variant ClinVar expert-panel benign classification or unavailable reputable-source benign report is present. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The exact variant has no ClinVar expert-panel benign or likely-benign classification. ClinVar instead shows Pathogenic clinical-laboratory submissions, and the supplied literature reports A4V in association with ALS. Because ordinary laboratory submissions, aggregate labels, and non-expert assertions cannot trigger BP6, the required reputable-source benign assertion is absent.

Rule
Reputable source recently reports variant as benign, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Evidence considered
  • ClinVar variation 14763 audit: exact NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val) is Pathogenic in clinical-laboratory submissions, with expert_panel_submissions = 0 and no benign expert-panel classification.
  • No exact-variant reputable-source benign assertion unavailable for independent evaluation was identified.
Sources

Not assessed · 10 · no assessment recorded

PS2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no documented proband with both maternity and paternity confirmed, parental variant testing, and no family history. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available evidence identifies SOD1 c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val, also reported as mature-protein A4V) in ALS cohorts and families, but does not document a specific proband with confirmed maternity and paternity, parental variant testing, or absence of family history. Therefore, the required de novo evidence for PS2 cannot be assessed.

Rule
De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:19176896 reports 54 North American A4V families and a founder-effect study, but the extracted report does not provide a proband-level de novo assessment, confirmed maternity and paternity, parental genotypes, or a documented negative family history.
  • PMID:19483195 explicitly states that no variant-specific patient-level case data or segregation data for A4V were presented in the supplied text.
Still missing
  • Specific proband-level report is needed.
  • Both maternal and paternal relationships must be confirmed.
  • Parental testing must show the variant absent in both parents.
  • Family history must be documented as negative.
Sources
PS4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: PMID:19176896 reports a linked haplotype association (case frequency 0.23 versus control 0.0), but no variant-specific OR/RR or 95% CI for c.14C>T. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The literature_pass.json ai_classified_papers lead PMID:19176896 was verified against the full text. It studied the exact Ala-to-Val SOD1 substitution as mature-protein A4V, corresponding to NM_000454.5:c.14C>T / NP_000445.1:p.(A5V), and included 54 North American A4V patients and control groups. However, the paper's case-control analysis compared a linked 10-polymorphism haplotype, reporting haplotype frequency 0.23 in cases versus 0.0 in controls and p = 3.0e-11, not the c.14C>T variant itself. The paper does not provide variant-carrier counts in affected individuals and controls, nor a variant-specific OR/RR and 95% CI. Therefore a variant-specific case-control OR cannot be computed from the reported data; the haplotype association was not substituted for a variant OR. The governing PS4 comparison is >5.0 with a confidence interval that does not include 1.0, but no variant-specific estimate is available, so the required inequality cannot be evaluated (OR > 5.0? not assessable; 95% CI excludes 1.0? not assessable).

Rule
The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared to the prevalence in controls. ... Note 1: Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR), as obtained from case-control studies, is >5.0 and the confidence interval around the estimate of RR or OR does not include 1.0.
Evidence considered
  • Saeed et al. 2009, PMID:19176896, Abstract and Methods: 54 North American patients with confirmed A4V were genotyped alongside healthy white controls (n=96) and other population controls.
  • Saeed et al. 2009, PMID:19176896, Results: the associated 10-polymorphism haplotype was present at frequency 0.23 in cases and 0.0 in controls (p=3.0e-11); this is a linked-marker haplotype, not an exact-variant carrier comparison.
  • The exact PS4 numeric rule operator is >: OR > 5.0 and the 95% confidence interval must not include 1.0. Explicit inequality: variant-specific OR > 5.0? not assessable; variant-specific 95% CI excludes 1.0? not assessable.
Still missing
  • A case-control study reporting exact c.14C>T/p.(A5V) carrier counts in affected individuals and matched controls, or a variant-specific OR/RR with 95% CI, is needed.
Sources
PM5 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No reliable different pathogenic missense substitution at SOD1 residue 5 is documented in the supplied evidence. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The supplied evidence establishes the same Ala-to-Val change as A4V, which supports PS1, but does not identify a different missense substitution at the same SOD1 residue 5 that was determined to be pathogenic. The available PM5 candidate artifact contains no comparator candidates, and no reliable same-residue alternative was found in the supplied evidence.

Rule
Novel missense change at an amino acid residue where a different missense change determined to be pathogenic has been seen before. ... Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level.
Evidence considered
  • The PM5 candidate artifact reports zero same-residue candidates and does not establish a different pathogenic missense substitution at residue 5.
  • The A4V reports are the same Ala-to-Val substitution as the queried A5V under mature-protein numbering, not a different missense change, so they cannot serve as PM5 comparators.
Still missing
  • A verified pathogenic SOD1 missense comparator at residue 5, distinct from Ala-to-Val, is needed for PM5.
Sources
pm5_candidates
PM6 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no specific affected patient is documented with an assumed de novo variant and missing parental confirmation. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available evidence does not document an assumed de novo SOD1 c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val) occurrence in a specific affected patient. The cohort and functional reports do not provide a proband-level de novo observation or parental testing information; therefore PM6 cannot be assessed.

Rule
Assumed de novo, but without confirmation of paternity and maternity.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:19176896 reports a large A4V family cohort and founder effect but does not document an assumed de novo event in a particular affected patient.
  • PMID:19483195 provides functional aggregation data and states that no variant-specific patient-level case or segregation data for A4V were presented in the supplied text.
Still missing
  • Specific affected patient with the variant must be identified.
  • A de novo observation must be documented.
  • The available evidence must clarify that maternity and/or paternity were not confirmed.
Sources
PP1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: 54 A4V families are reported, but no variant-specific affected-relative genotypes or informative meioses are provided. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The evidence establishes that SOD1 A4V/p.Ala5Val occurs in familial ALS cohorts, including 54 North American A4V families, but does not provide genotype and disease-status data for multiple affected relatives, a count of informative meioses, or variant-specific segregation results. The available evidence is insufficient to apply PP1 or determine a stronger segregation level.

Rule
Co-segregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:19176896 describes 54 North American A4V families and autosomal-dominant ALS association, but the extracted evidence does not report variant-positive and variant-negative affected relatives or informative meioses for PP1.
  • PMID:19483195 states that no variant-specific segregation data for A4V were presented in the supplied text.
Still missing
  • Family-level pedigrees or equivalent affected-relative data are needed.
  • Genotypes and disease status for affected relatives must be reported.
  • Informative meioses or an equivalent segregation dataset must be provided.
Sources
PP2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: SOD1 has many disease-associated missense mutations, but no supplied gene-wide benign-missense rate establishes the PP2 threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The evidence supports that SOD1 disease is commonly associated with missense or point mutations, including more than 100 or 146 reported disease-associated mutations, but it does not provide a gene-wide analysis demonstrating a low rate of benign missense variation. Both required PP2 components are therefore not established from the supplied evidence.

Rule
Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.
Evidence considered
  • Common denominator of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PMID:12482932: the abstract reports more than 100 SOD1 point mutations associated with ALS.
  • Variation in aggregation propensities among ALS-associated variants of SOD1, PMID:19483195: the abstract reports 146 different SOD1 mutations identified in familial ALS.
  • Disulfide-reduced ALS variants of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase exhibit increased populations of unfolded species, PMID:20184893: the abstract describes mutations at dozens of SOD1 sites inducing ALS and characterizes the disease mechanism as gain of function.
  • None of these supplied sources quantifies the gene-wide rate of benign SOD1 missense variation.
Still missing
  • A gene-wide analysis or authoritative specification demonstrating SOD1's low rate of benign missense variation is needed.
Sources
BS2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: gnomAD has zero homozygotes, but carrier ages, health status, and penetrance are not documented. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS2 cannot be assessed from the available evidence. gnomAD reports zero homozygotes for this variant, but the nine v2.1 and two v4.1 heterozygous observations do not establish that the carriers were healthy adults, their ages, or their penetrance status. No documented healthy adult heterozygote or qualifying early-onset full-penetrance context is available for this criterion.

Rule
BS2
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v2.1: 9 observed alleles and 0 homozygotes; gnomAD v4.1: 2 observed alleles and 0 homozygotes.
  • The gnomAD records do not provide individual-level age, health status, or penetrance information for the heterozygous observations.
Still missing
  • Documented healthy adult heterozygous carriers with age and phenotype information are needed to assess BS2 for this dominant disorder.
Sources
BS4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no affected relative is documented as genotype-negative, and no family-level non-segregation analysis is available. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No affected family member is documented to lack SOD1 c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val), and no family-level non-segregation analysis is reported. The available literature does not provide the affected-member genotypes and phenotype information needed to distinguish true lack of segregation from phenocopy or another pathogenic variant; therefore BS4 cannot be assessed.

Rule
Lack of segregation in affected members of a family.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:19176896 reports A4V families and founder haplotypes but does not report affected relatives who are negative for A4V.
  • PMID:19483195 states that no variant-specific segregation data for A4V were presented in the supplied text, so lack of segregation cannot be established.
Still missing
  • Affected family members with variant testing must be identified.
  • At least one affected member lacking the variant must be documented for non-segregation.
  • Phenotype assessment and possible phenocopy or second-variant explanations must be evaluated.
Sources
BP2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no second pathogenic variant or validated cis/trans phase is documented for the SOD1 A4V/A5V case. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP2 requires either observation of the variant in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant gene/disorder or observation in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern. The available evidence supports a dominant SOD1 ALS context, but it does not identify a second pathogenic variant in the same individual and does not establish cis or trans phase through parental, offspring, or other validated phasing data. Consequently, BP2 cannot be met or excluded from the available case evidence and is not assessed.

Rule
Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant gene/disorder or observed in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern.
Evidence considered
  • Saeed et al. 2009 (PMID:19176896) paper extract: the queried Ala-to-Val variant is associated with autosomal-dominant ALS, but the extracted study does not report a second pathogenic variant or cis/trans phasing for this case.
  • The case evidence contains no parent/offspring phase result, haplotype result, or proband-level report demonstrating a pathogenic variant in cis or trans.
Still missing
  • Identify a second pathogenic variant, if present, and establish whether it is in cis or trans with NM_000454.5:c.14C>T.
  • Document evidence that the SOD1 disorder meets the rule's fully penetrant dominant condition requirement for the trans pathway.
Sources
BP5 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no documented alternate molecular basis for the disease is available for this case. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No case-level evidence in the supplied materials documents an alternate molecular basis for the patient's disease, such as a second pathogenic variant or another established molecular diagnosis. The BP5 rule requires that the variant be found in a case with such an alternate basis; without case-level alternate-basis data, the criterion cannot be assessed.

Rule
Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease.
Still missing
  • The patient's complete molecular findings and any established alternate molecular diagnosis are needed.
Not applicable · 5· recorded as not applicable Show reasons ▾Hide reasons ▴
PVS1 N/ANot applicable: PVS1 requires a null variant (nonsense, frameshift, canonical splice, start-loss or stop-loss), and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PVS1 (ClinGen SVI PVS1 recommendations, PMC6185798, pvs1_generic_framework) applies only to null variant classes — nonsense, frameshift, canonical ±1/2 splice-consensus, translation-initiation-codon loss, and stop-loss variants — each expected to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or otherwise abolish normal protein function. NM_000454.5:c.14C>T in SOD1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val). As a result, no null-variant mechanism (nonsense-mediated decay, truncation, or canonical splice disruption) is triggered by this variant class, so PVS1's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers PVS1 for SOD1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_null_variant_class
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
PM3 N/ANot applicable: SOD1 A4V/A5V is documented in autosomal-dominant ALS, whereas PM3 requires a recessive disorder and a pathogenic variant in trans. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM3 is limited to recessive disorders and requires the tested variant to be detected in trans with a pathogenic variant, with phase established through parental or offspring testing. The available SOD1 evidence describes the queried A4V/A5V variant in autosomal-dominant ALS, not a recessive disorder, and provides no basis for applying a recessive allelic criterion. Therefore PM3 is not applicable under the generic ACMG/AMP definition.

Rule
For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant
Evidence considered
  • Saeed et al. 2009 (PMID:19176896) paper extract: the queried Ala-to-Val variant is reported as A4V under mature-protein numbering and is associated with rapidly progressive autosomal-dominant ALS in 54 North American families.
  • No recessive SOD1 disease context or phase-tested pathogenic variant in trans is documented for this case.
Sources
PM4 N/ANot applicable: PM4 requires a protein-length change, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM4 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) applies to protein length changes: in-frame insertions/deletions in a non-repetitive region, or stop-loss variants that extend the protein past the reference stop codon. NM_000454.5:c.14C>T in SOD1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val). As a result, no change in protein length occurs, so there is nothing for this criterion to evaluate, so PM4's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers PM4 for SOD1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_stop_loss_or_nonrepeat_indel
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
BP3 N/ANot applicable: BP3 requires an in-frame indel in a repeat region, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP3 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) applies to in-frame insertions/deletions located in a repetitive region without a known function. NM_000454.5:c.14C>T in SOD1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val). As a result, the variant does not alter protein length within a repeat region, so there is nothing for this criterion to evaluate, so BP3's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP3 for SOD1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_repeat_region_indel
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
BP7 N/ANot applicable: BP7 requires a synonymous variant, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP7 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) is defined for a synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence and the nucleotide is not highly conserved. NM_000454.5:c.14C>T in SOD1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val). As a result, the encoded protein sequence is altered, so the criterion's silent-variant premise does not hold regardless of any splicing prediction, so BP7's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP7 for SOD1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_synonymous
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
generic_acmg_combination_rules

Identifiers

Gene
SOD1
Transcript
NM_000454.5
Coding (HGVS c.)
NM_000454.5:c.14C>T
Protein (HGVS p.)
NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val)
GRCh38
chr21:31659783 C>T
GRCh37
chr21:33032096 C>T
Location and type
Exon 1 · missense
ClinVar
14763, 873321

Gene diagram

Every interpreted variant in SOD1, mapped onto the exon structure of NM_000454.5. Select a row to find it on the plot.

SOD1NM_000454.5
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
gnomAD v4.1 2 / 1,613,934 alleles AF 1.24e-06 · 0 homozygotes · FAF 2.8e-07
gnomAD v2.1 9 / 250,494 alleles AF 3.59e-05 · 0 homozygotes · FAF 4.13e-05
gnomAD-Canada v1.0 Allele count data not recorded

By genetic ancestry

gnomAD v4.1

AF 1.2e-06 · 2 / 1,613,934 alleles · 0 hom · FAF 2.8e-07
European (non-Finnish)2 / 1,179,914 1.7e-06
0 alternate alleles recorded in 9 other groups: Remaining individuals, Admixed American, European (Finnish), Amish, East Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Ashkenazi Jewish, African/African American.

gnomAD v2.1

AF 3.6e-05 · 9 / 250,494 alleles · 0 hom · FAF 4.1e-05
European (non-Finnish)9 / 113,112 8e-05
0 alternate alleles recorded in 7 other groups: African/African American, Admixed American, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, European (Finnish), Remaining individuals, South Asian.

Statements

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 1.23921e-06; MAF= 0.00012%, 2/1613934 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 1.69504e-06; MAF= 0.00017%, 2/1179914 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 2.8e-07.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 3.5929e-05; MAF= 0.00359%, 9/250494 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 7.95672e-05; MAF= 0.00796%, 9/113112 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 4.135e-05.

gnomAD-Canada

Not available in gnomAD-Canada v1.0.

SpliceAI and Pangolin

SpliceAI acceptor lossat +454 bp
0.000
SpliceAI acceptor gainat +130 bp
0.000
SpliceAI donor lossat +3 bp
0.059
SpliceAI donor gainat -2 bp
0.141
Pangolin splice lossmagnitude shown
-0.026
Pangolin splice gain
0.032

Other predictors

REVEL
0.853
BayesDel
0.420

How the predictions were used

PP3 ModerateACMGMet at moderate strength: missense REVEL 0.853 meets the >=0.773 PP3 threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is a missense substitution, NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val), so the governing generic rule requires the missense REVEL path only; SpliceAI and BayesDel are not used. REVEL is 0.853, meeting the generic PP3 moderate threshold of >= 0.773 from the ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997).

Rule
PP3: Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). ... PP3 (moderate): >= 0.773 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: REVEL score 0.853 for NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val).
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997): generic PP3 moderate threshold >= 0.773; the observed score 0.853 meets this threshold.
  • The variant consequence is missense; under the generic one-path rule, REVEL is the applicable predictor and SpliceAI is not counted for PP3.
Sources
revel
BP4 ACMGNot met: missense REVEL 0.853 exceeds the <=0.29 BP4 supporting threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is a missense substitution, so the governing generic rule requires the missense REVEL path only; SpliceAI cannot substitute for REVEL, and BayesDel has no established generic calibration. REVEL is 0.853, which does not meet any BP4 threshold, including the supporting threshold of <= 0.29 from the ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997).

Rule
BP4: Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc) ... BP4 (supporting): <= 0.29 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: REVEL score 0.853 for NM_000454.5:c.14C>T (p.Ala5Val).
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997): generic BP4 supporting threshold <= 0.29; the observed score 0.853 does not meet it.
  • The variant consequence is missense; under the generic one-path rule, SpliceAI is not used to establish BP4 for this variant, and BayesDel is not available for generic PP3/BP4 calibration.
Sources
revel
BP7 N/ANot applicable: BP7 requires a synonymous variant, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP7 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) is defined for a synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence and the nucleotide is not highly conserved. NM_000454.5:c.14C>T in SOD1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000445.1:p.(Ala5Val). As a result, the encoded protein sequence is altered, so the criterion's silent-variant premise does not hold regardless of any splicing prediction, so BP7's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP7 for SOD1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_synonymous
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
generic_acmg_combination_rules

Statement

In silico

SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.14). REVEL score = 0.853. BayesDel score = 0.419668.

8 paper records listed. 4 cited in the classification.

Cited in the classification

  • Age and founder effect of SOD1 A4V mutation causing ALS.
    The paper explicitly studies the SOD1 alanine-to-valine founder mutation as A4V (GCC>GTC) in exon 1. This matches the queried SOD1 c.14C>T, p.(A5V) under a one-residue mature-protein numbering offset; both notations describe the same Ala-to-Val substitution. In 54 North American A4V families, the mutation was associated with rapidly progressive autosomal-dominant ALS.
    → PS1 · strong Names this variant
    PMID 19176896 ↗
    Source detail
    One of these, alanine to valine substitution on codon 4 (A4V; GCC¡GTC) in exon 1

    Location Introduction, paragraph 2; Abstract; Results and Discussion sections

    Context Case-control and haplotype association study involving 54 North American patients with confirmed A4V mutation, 3 Swedish and 6 Italian A4V patients, non-A4V SOD1 mutation patients, sporadic ALS patients, and population controls.

  • Variation in aggregation propensities among ALS-associated variants of SOD1: correlation to human disease.
    Prudencio M et al. · 2009 Sep 1
    The paper reports 146 different SOD1 mutations identified in familial ALS and studies aggregation propensities of ALS-associated variants, including A4V.
    → PS3 · moderate Names this variant
    PMID 19483195 ↗
    Source detail
    To date, 146 different mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) have been identified in patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

    Location Abstract

    Context Cell-based aggregation assay using transient expression of wild-type and mutant SOD1 in HEK293FT cells.

  • Structural and biophysical properties of metal-free pathogenic SOD1 mutants A4V and G93A.
    The paper describes A4V as a pathogenic SOD1 variant associated with ALS and examines its structural and biophysical destabilization, corresponding to the queried Ala-to-Val substitution under the mature-protein numbering offset.
    → PS1 · strong → PS3 · moderate Names this variant
    PMID 19800308 ↗
    Source detail
    The pathogenic SOD1 variants A4V and G93A have been the foci of multiple studies aimed at understanding the molecular basis for SOD1-linked ALS.

    Location Abstract; Results, ‘Structures of metal-free A4V and G93A SOD1’

    Context Recombinant human A4V SOD1 was analyzed by X-ray crystallography, analytical ultracentrifugation, and differential scanning calorimetry-related biophysical analysis.

  • ALS-causing SOD1 mutations promote production of copper-deficient misfolded species.
    The paper directly studies SOD1 A4V, corresponding to the queried p.(A5V) with the mature-protein numbering offset, and reports accelerated unfolding and destabilization of the mutant protein.
    → PS1 · strong → PS3 · moderate Names this variant
    PMID 21549128 ↗
    Source detail
    The A4V mutation, which is the most common SOD1-associated mutation in North America,2 introduces a bulky amino acid that destabilizes the dimer interface.49

    Location Introduction, paragraph describing the five mutations; Results and Discussion, ‘ALS-causing mutations accelerate all steps in the SOD1 unfolding pathway’

    Context In vitro time-resolved unfolding assays of recombinant human SOD1 expressed on a wild-type background, measuring metal release, beta-barrel conformational change, and dimer dissociation.

Other recorded publications

  • Common denominator of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase mutants associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: decreased stability of the apo state.
    Lindberg MJ et al. · 2002
    The paper reports that more than 100 SOD1 point mutations are associated with ALS and states that these mutations are scattered throughout the protein, without identifying residue 5 as a critical domain or hotspot.
    Does not name this variant
    PMID 12482932 ↗
    Quoted passage
    More than 100 point mutations of the superoxide scavenger Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC ) have been associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, these mutations are scattered throughout the protein and provide no clear functional or structural clues to the underlying disease mechanism.

    Abstract

  • Good practice in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: clinical guidelines. An evidence-based review with good practice points. EALSC Working Group.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 17653917 ↗
  • Disulfide-reduced ALS variants of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase exhibit increased populations of unfolded species.
    The paper describes mutations at dozens of SOD1 sites as inducing ALS and characterizes the associated disease mechanism as gain of function.
    Does not name this variant
    PMID 20184893 ↗
    Quoted passage
    Mutations at dozens of sites in SOD1 induce amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal gain-of-function neurodegenerative disease whose molecular basis is unknown.

    Abstract

  • Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 25741868 ↗

Screenshots represent source records captured during evidence collection. Select one to view the recorded source content.

All source links

Statements for reports

The evidence statements recorded by the interpretation pipeline. They have not been reinterpreted by the page.

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 1.23921e-06; MAF= 0.00012%, 2/1613934 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 1.69504e-06; MAF= 0.00017%, 2/1179914 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 2.8e-07.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 3.5929e-05; MAF= 0.00359%, 9/250494 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 7.95672e-05; MAF= 0.00796%, 9/113112 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 4.135e-05.

gnomAD-Canada

Not available in gnomAD-Canada v1.0.

ClinVar

This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (8 clinical laboratories). (ClinVarID = 14763)

In silico

SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.14). REVEL score = 0.853. BayesDel score = 0.419668.

Somatic

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.