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Variant interpretation report

HBB c.79G>A, p.Glu27Lys

NM_000518.5:c.79G>A NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys) Missense · exon 1 View identifiers
Classification
Uncertain significance

Variant description:

The HBB NM_000518.5:c.79G>A (NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys)) missense variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC). Based on available guidelines, this variant is considered to be a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS).

Five-step scale from benign to pathogenic. This variant is uncertain. Select a step to read what it means.

Uncertain.The recorded classification is uncertain significance.

In plain language

Gene-level background from the recorded interpretation.

About HBB

HBB encodes the beta-globin protein, one of the two types of chains that combine with alpha-globin to form adult hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Abnormal or absent beta-globin is associated with sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia. HBB has no established cancer role.

LYFE Sciences is an AI system, and it can make mistakes. Criteria may be applied incorrectly, sources may be misread, and a confident-looking classification can still be wrong. Double-check every criterion and its underlying evidence before relying on any call.
01The reasoning

How it was classified

The recorded framework is Generic ACMG/AMP 2015 with ClinGen SVI recommendations. The criteria and strengths shown below come from the saved assessment; this page does not recalculate the classification.

Recorded applied criteria

The applied criteria and their strengths are shown as assessed under the stated framework.

Pathogenic evidence criteria: 2 Benign evidence criteria: 0
Pathogenic criteria applied · 2
PS4Strong
PS4 · strong

Met: affected-versus-matched-ancestry control counts yield OR 188.51 (95% CI 139.95-253.93), and 188.51 > 5.0 with the interval excluding 1.0.

PP3Supporting
PP3 · supporting

Met at supporting strength: REVEL 0.721 meets the missense PP3 threshold of >=0.644.

Benign criteria applied · 0

No benign criterion marked as applied in the recorded assessment.

Recorded classification: Uncertain significance

VUS: PS4 (strong) plus PP3 (supporting) do not satisfy any generic ACMG/AMP pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or benign combination rule.

02The sources

Evidence at a glance

Evidence summaries and captured source records, where available. Missing entries should not be interpreted as negative findings.

gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD v2.1
Population frequency
361 / 1,613,724 alleles

gnomAD v4.1: 361 / 1,613,724 alleles. Recorded AF 0.000223706. Recorded homozygote count 5.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.000233415; MAF= 0.02334%, 66/282758 alleles, homozygotes = 1) and has highest observed frequency in the East Asian population (AF= 0.00120397; MAF= 0.12040%, 24/19934 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 0.00089997.

gnomAD-Canada

This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.0010315995222065371, 19/18418 alleles, homozygotes = 1).

No screenshot for this evidence
REVEL score
0.721 recorded score

Recorded REVEL score: 0.721. Refer to the recorded PP3/BP4 rationale for interpretation.

ClinVar submissions
36 reported laboratory submissions

36 Pathogenic. ClinVar API review status: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts.

Context only ClinVar ↗
No screenshot for this evidence
Functional evidence
Not recorded

No standalone functional evidence summary is recorded in evidence_summary.functional.

No listed criterion applied OncoKB ↗
COSMIC
Cancer Hotspots
Somatic evidence
No matching record reported

This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.

For specialists

Technical detail

ACMG/AMP criteria under Generic ACMG/AMP 2015 with ClinGen SVI recommendations, with the data and sources behind each one.

28 criteria with recorded statuses: 2 met · 8 not met · 14 not assessed · 4 not applicable. Open any row for the full reasoning, the rule and the evidence behind it.

Met Not met Not assessed Not applicable

This group evaluates only PS1, PM1, PM5, PP2, and BP1 under generic ACMG/AMP because the listed HBB VCEP specification has no released criteria.

No additional criterion is adjudicated.

Generic ACMG/AMP rules govern because the listed HBB ClinGen Hemoglobinopathy Expert Panel specification has no released criterion rules.

PS4 is met from a computed affected-versus-matched-ancestry control comparison using PMID:27828729 and gnomAD v4.1 counts.

PP5 and BP6 are not triggered because the exact-variant ClinVar audit has no expert-panel assertion; laboratory submissions and aggregate labels are excluded.

PP4 and BP5 remain not assessed because the required patient phenotype/family-history and alternate-molecular-basis evidence is not provided.

The variant is missense, so PP3 and BP4 use REVEL only; REVEL 0.721 supports PP3 at supporting strength but does not meet BP4.

Met · 2

PS4 StrongACMG_2015Met: affected-versus-matched-ancestry control counts yield OR 188.51 (95% CI 139.95-253.93), and 188.51 > 5.0 with the interval excluding 1.0. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The governing ACMG/AMP rule is: "The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared to the prevalence in controls. Note 1: Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR), as obtained from case-control studies, is >5.0 and the confidence interval around the estimate of RR or OR does not include 1.0." PMID:27828729 reports HBB:c.79G>A (CD26(G>A)) in 79 of 241 mutant alleles among 120 Bengali patients with thalassemia major or intermedia. Using the matched-ancestry South Asian gnomAD v4.1 allele count of 235/91,080 as the control frequency, the allele-count odds ratio is (79/162)/(235/90,845) = 188.51, with an approximate 95% CI of 139.95-253.93. The comparison is explicit: OR 188.51 > 5.0, and the 95% CI 139.95-253.93 does not include 1.0; therefore PS4 is met. This is a case-control comparison computed from affected-cohort and matched-ancestry population counts, even though the paper does not print an OR. The other literature-pass papers indexed for PS4 were verified and did not provide a stronger exact-variant case-control estimate.

Rule
The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared to the prevalence in controls. ... Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR), as obtained from case-control studies, is >5.0 and the confidence interval around the estimate of RR or OR does not include 1.0.
Evidence considered
  • Cross-sectional study of 120 Bengali patients with thalassemia major or intermedia: HBB:c.79G>A was present in 79 of 241 mutant alleles.
  • Matched-ancestry gnomAD v4.1 South Asian control frequency: 235/91,080 alleles.
  • Computed allele-count OR = (79/162)/(235/90,845) = 188.51; approximate 95% CI = 139.95-253.93.
  • Threshold check written explicitly: OR 188.51 > 5.0? yes; 95% CI 139.95-253.93 includes 1.0? no.
  • PMID:17278112 describes the Hb E allele in a compound-heterozygous Hb SE case and literature review but provides no affected-versus-unaffected control comparison.
  • PMID:19841268 discusses HbE/beta-thalassemia in Asian populations but the available abstract does not report exact-variant case and control counts or an OR.
  • PMID:25052315 is a methodological guideline and does not report exact-variant case-control data.
Sources
PP3 SupportingACMGMet at supporting strength: REVEL 0.721 meets the missense PP3 threshold of >=0.644. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

NM_000518.5:c.79G>A is a missense variant, NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), so the governing generic rule requires the missense REVEL path only. REVEL is 0.721, which meets the supplied ClinGen SVI supporting PP3 threshold of >= 0.644 from Pejaver et al. 2022 (PMID:36413997). The SpliceAI max delta of 0.758 is not used for PP3 because splice prediction is not the applicable path for a missense variant; BayesDel is not available for generic ACMG strength calibration.

Rule
Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.).
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: NM_000518.5:c.79G>A / NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), REVEL score 0.721.
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration, Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997: generic missense PP3 supporting threshold >= 0.644.
  • SpliceAI max delta 0.758 was excluded because the generic rule selects exactly one predictor path by consequence type and this variant is missense.
Sources
revel

Not met · 8 · evaluated, threshold not reached

PM2 ACMGNot met: gnomAD v4.1 overall AF is 0.000223706, exceeding the PM2 supporting threshold of <=0.0001. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

Generic PM2 is not met because the variant is present in multiple population datasets at frequencies above the generic supporting threshold of <=0.0001. gnomAD v4.1 reports AF 0.000223706 overall, gnomAD v2.1 reports AF 0.000233415 overall, and gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes report AF 0.000257586; the variant is therefore neither absent nor at or below 0.0001 in the applicable default population data. The gnomAD v4.1 South Asian AF is 0.002580149, with four homozygotes.

Rule
PM2 (supporting): <= 0.0001 — SVI recommendation to downgrade PM2 to Supporting (ClinGen SVI 2020) (PMID:25741868)
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1: 361/1613724 total alleles, AF 0.000223706; five homozygotes overall and South Asian AF 0.002580149 with four homozygotes.
  • gnomAD v2.1: 66/282758 total alleles, AF 0.000233415; one homozygote.
  • gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes: 61/236814 exome alleles, AF 0.000257586; one homozygote.
  • Published generic calibration threshold: PM2 supporting <=0.0001; SVI recommendation to downgrade PM2 to Supporting (ClinGen SVI 2020; PMID:25741868).
Sources
PM5 ACMG_2015Not met: zero same-residue comparator candidates were found, and the documented Glu>Ala alternative was not established as pathogenic. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The observed missense variant affects residue 27, but no different missense substitution at that residue was determined to be pathogenic in the reviewed evidence. PMID:15481887 discusses Hb Tripoli (Glu>Ala) at the same legacy codon and explicitly states that only Hb E was clearly associated with a thalassemic phenotype; this does not provide a pathogenic alternate-residue comparator. The PM5 candidate collection also contains zero same-residue candidates.

Rule
Novel missense change at an amino acid residue where a different missense change determined to be pathogenic has been seen before. ... Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:15481887, Discussion of Hb Tripoli and Table 1: reports other Hb variants at the same position but states that only Hb E is clearly associated with a thalassemic phenotype.
  • pm5_candidates.json: same-residue candidates = 0; expert-panel pathogenic/likely pathogenic candidates = 0; non-expert majority pathogenic/likely pathogenic candidates = 0.
Sources
PMID:15481887 ↗pm5_candidates
PP5 ACMG_2015Not met: ClinVar has no exact-variant expert-panel classification, only laboratory submissions and an aggregate Pathogenic label. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The governing ACMG/AMP rule is: "Reputable source recently reports variant as pathogenic, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation." Exact-variant ClinVar records show Pathogenic submissions from clinical laboratories, but the audit reports zero expert-panel submissions and no exact-variant expert-panel classification. PMID:25052315 is a best-practice guideline and does not report this exact variant. Ordinary laboratory submissions, aggregate labels, and non-expert assertions do not satisfy the required PP5 trigger.

Rule
Reputable source recently reports variant as pathogenic, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Evidence considered
  • ClinVar exact-variant audit: Pathogenic aggregate record with 36 clinical laboratories, zero expert-panel submissions, and zero usable expert-panel criterion leads.
  • PMID:25052315 does not explicitly mention HBB:c.79G>A or p.(E27K) and is a methods guideline, not an exact-variant reputable pathogenic assertion.
Sources
BA1 ACMGNot met: the highest observed gnomAD population frequency is 0.002580149, far below the BA1 threshold of >=0.05. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

Generic BA1 is not met. The variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 at AF 0.000233415 overall and highest population AF 0.001203973 in East Asians, and in gnomAD v4.1 at AF 0.000223706 overall and highest population AF 0.002580149 in South Asians; the highest observed frequency is far below the generic stand-alone threshold of >=0.05. The gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exome frequency is also only 0.000257586, below 0.05.

Rule
BA1 (stand-alone): >= 0.05 — ACMG/AMP 2015 stand-alone benign allele frequency (PMID:25741868)
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v2.1: 66/282758 total alleles, AF 0.000233415; highest population AF 24/19934 in East Asians, 0.001203973; one homozygote.
  • gnomAD v4.1: 361/1613724 total alleles, AF 0.000223706; highest population AF 235/91080 in South Asians, 0.002580149; four homozygotes.
  • gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes: 61/236814 exome alleles, AF 0.000257586; one homozygote.
  • Published generic calibration threshold: BA1 >=0.05, ACMG/AMP 2015 stand-alone benign allele frequency (PMID:25741868).
Sources
BS1 ACMG_2015Not met: gnomAD v4.1 overall AF is 0.000223706 and the South Asian maximum is 0.002580149, both below the 0.01 default BS1 threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

Generic BS1 is not met on the available population data. The variant frequency is 0.000223706 overall in gnomAD v4.1, 0.002580149 in the highest population (South Asian), and 0.000257586 in gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes, all below the generic 0.01 default. The South Asian enrichment is consistent with the known HbE allele distribution and the recessive HBB disease context; no prevalence, penetrance, allelic-heterogeneity, or maximum-credible-allele-frequency inputs were supplied that would justify a different disorder-specific threshold. A Bengali thalassemia patient cohort reported HBB:c.79G>A among 79 of 241 mutant alleles (32.78%), which documents ancestry-associated disease allele enrichment but is not a population-control frequency and cannot by itself establish BS1.

Rule
Allele frequency is greater than expected for the disorder.
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1: overall AF 0.000223706 (361/1613724 alleles); highest population AF 0.002580149 in South Asians (235/91080 alleles; four homozygotes).
  • gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes: AF 0.000257586 (61/236814 exome alleles); highest population AF 0.001146564 in South Asians (35/30526 alleles; one homozygote).
  • PMID:27828729, Table 2 and Table 3: in 120 Bengali patients with thalassemia major or intermedia, HBB:c.79G>A was present in 79 of 241 mutant alleles (32.78%); this is an affected-cohort allele frequency, not a control-population frequency.
  • Published generic calibration threshold: BS1 >=0.01; generic SVI default with per-gene derivation preferred, Whiffin et al. 2017 (PMID:28518168).
Still missing
  • A disorder-specific maximum-credible allele-frequency calculation with explicit prevalence, penetrance, and allelic-heterogeneity inputs was not available; the default threshold was therefore not overridden.
Sources
BP1 ACMG_2015Not met: HBB disease evidence includes established point/missense variants such as Glu27Lys, not primarily truncating variants alone. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available HBB evidence does not support a gene for which primarily truncating variants are known to cause disease. Instead, the reviewed material documents disease-associated point/missense variation, including HBB Glu27Lys (Hb E), and describes numerous structural hemoglobin variants. Therefore this missense variant is not in the gene-level situation specified by BP1.

Rule
Missense variant in a gene for which primarily truncating variants are known to cause disease.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:25052315, The genes and disease-causing variants: reports that most of the more than 280 beta-thalassemia variants are point variants and separately describes structural hemoglobin variants.
  • PMID:27828729, Discussion/Table 2/Table 3: reports HBB:c.79G>A (CD26(G>A), Hb E) among thalassemia-associated variants.
Sources
BP4 ACMGNot met: REVEL 0.721 exceeds the missense BP4 supporting threshold of <=0.29. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

NM_000518.5:c.79G>A is a missense variant, so BP4 must be assessed through the missense REVEL path only. REVEL is 0.721, above the supplied generic BP4 supporting cutoff of <= 0.29 from Pejaver et al. 2022 (PMID:36413997), and therefore does not support BP4. The SpliceAI max delta of 0.758 is not substituted because splice prediction is not the applicable path for a missense variant; BayesDel is not available for generic ACMG strength calibration.

Rule
Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc)
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: NM_000518.5:c.79G>A / NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), REVEL score 0.721.
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration, Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997: generic missense BP4 supporting threshold <= 0.29.
  • SpliceAI max delta 0.758 was not used because the generic rule selects exactly one predictor path by consequence type and this variant is missense.
Sources
revel
BP6 ACMG_2015Not met: no exact-variant expert-panel benign or likely-benign report is present; the audited laboratory submissions are Pathogenic. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The governing ACMG/AMP rule is: "Reputable source recently reports variant as benign, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation." The exact-variant ClinVar record contains no expert-panel benign or likely-benign classification; instead, its audited laboratory submissions are Pathogenic. No reputable exact-variant benign report was identified, so BP6 is not met.

Rule
Reputable source recently reports variant as benign, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Evidence considered
  • ClinVar exact-variant audit reports zero expert-panel submissions and a Pathogenic aggregate classification based on clinical-laboratory submissions; no benign or likely-benign expert-panel assertion is present.
Sources

Not assessed · 14 · no assessment recorded

PS1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no distinct pathogenic nucleotide change producing the same Glu27Lys substitution was documented beyond the observed c.79G>A allele. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), but the available evidence does not identify a different nucleotide change producing the same amino-acid substitution that has been independently established as pathogenic. The ClinVar-linked literature identifies the observed HBB:c.79G>A allele itself, not a distinct nucleotide-level PS1 comparator. A targeted same-amino-acid comparator record is therefore still needed; the identical variant cannot serve as its own PS1 comparator.

Rule
Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change. ... Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level.
Evidence considered
  • Normalization identifies NM_000518.5:c.79G>A as NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys).
  • PMID:27828729, Discussion/Table 2/Table 3: reports HBB:c.79G>A (CD26(G>A)) itself, with no distinct same-amino-acid nucleotide comparator.
  • pm5_candidates.json: no comparator candidates were collected; same-residue candidates = 0.
Still missing
  • A separately established pathogenic HBB nucleotide variant producing p.Glu27Lys is needed for PS1.
Sources
PMID:27828729 ↗pm5_candidates
PS2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no documented maternity and paternity confirmation for an affected proband with this variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available case evidence does not document an affected proband with this variant established as de novo, nor does it provide confirmed maternity and paternity. Without both parental relationships confirmed and the variant absent in both biological parents, the generic PS2 definition cannot be assessed.

Rule
De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history.
Evidence considered
  • No case-level proband phenotype, family-history, or parental testing results establishing a de novo occurrence were documented in the available evidence.
Still missing
  • Affected proband phenotype and family-history documentation.
  • Variant testing results for the biological mother and biological father.
  • Independent confirmation of both maternity and paternity.
PS3 ACMG_2015Not assessed: the review reports aberrant splicing and reduced betaE-mRNA but provides no controlled, reproducible variant-specific assay data meeting the PS3 definition. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available literature describes a mechanistic splice consequence for the Hb E allele (legacy HBB Glu26Lys, corresponding to NM_000518.5:c.79G>A / p.Glu27Lys), including creation of a cryptic donor splice site, aberrant beta-globin transcript splicing, and reduced betaE-mRNA production. However, the reviewed source is a clinical review that attributes these findings to prior studies and does not itself provide a validated, reproducible variant-specific functional assay with assay controls, quantitative results, or diagnostic-laboratory validation. Therefore, the evidence does not establish PS3 under the required well-established functional-study definition, and the criterion is not assessed rather than met or not met.

Rule
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.
Evidence considered
  • Masiello et al. 2007, PMID:17278112, Laboratory Diagnosis, p. 644: the review states that the Hb E nucleotide substitution creates a cryptic donor splice site and causes aberrant beta-globin transcript splicing, decreased betaE-mRNA production, and a beta-plus-thalassemia phenotype.
  • Masiello et al. 2007, PMID:17278112: the cited mechanistic findings are attributed to prior studies [3, 26, 27], while this reviewed article does not present a controlled functional assay for this variant.
Still missing
  • A directly evaluated primary functional study for HBB c.79G>A is needed, with appropriate wild-type and disease-control comparators, quantitative assay results, and reproducibility or clinical-laboratory validation.
Sources
PM1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: residue 27 lacks documented hotspot evidence and no qualifying critical domain without benign variation was established under the generic rule. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The HBB VCEP specification is listed but has no released criteria, and vcep_materials.json contains no HBB domain-table entry. The generic rule requires a mutational hotspot or a critical, well-established functional domain without benign variation. The case evidence reports no statistically significant hotspot for residue E27, and it does not establish a qualifying critical-domain/no-benign-variation finding for residue 27. The criterion therefore cannot be concluded from the available evidence.

Rule
Located in a mutational hot spot and/or critical and well-established functional domain (e.g. active site of an enzyme) without benign variation.
Evidence considered
  • vcep_materials.json: domain_tables is empty for HBB, and the listed HBB specification has no released criterion rules.
  • hotspots evidence: query HBB E27 returned no result and states that the variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
Still missing
  • A documented generic-ACMG qualifying hotspot or critical functional domain at HBB residue 27, together with absence of benign variation, is needed.
Sources
PM3 ACMG_2015Not assessed: 60 compound-heterozygous patients were reported, but parental or offspring testing confirming trans phase was not documented. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is reported in affected thalassemia patients in compound-heterozygous genotypes with HBB:c.92+5G>C and other beta-thalassemia alleles. In PMID:27828729, CD26(G>A) [HBB:c.79G>A] and IVS1-5(G>C) [HBB:c.92+5G>C] are listed as a compound-heterozygous genotype in 60 patients, and additional compound-heterozygous HbE/beta-thalassemia genotypes are listed. However, the available report does not document parental or offspring testing to establish phase, which the governing PM3 note expressly requires; therefore the observations cannot be used to assign PM3 without confirmed trans phase.

Rule
For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant ... This requires testing of parents (or offspring) to determine phase.
Evidence considered
  • Panja et al. 2017, Table 3, compound heterozygous (HbE/b) row: CD26(G>A)/IVS1-5(G>C) [HBB:c.79G>A/HBB:c.92+5G>C], 60 patients.
  • Panja et al. 2017, Discussion: combined heterozygous association of CD26(G>A) [HBB:c.79G>A] and IVS1-5(G>C) is reported in 60 of 120 thalassemia cases; the study does not report parental or offspring phase testing.
Still missing
  • Parental or offspring testing is needed to confirm that HBB:c.79G>A is in trans with a pathogenic HBB allele in affected probands.
Sources
PM6 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no case-level evidence shows this variant was assumed de novo without parental genotype confirmation. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available case evidence does not document an assumed de novo occurrence in an affected proband. There are no reported parental genotypes or other case-level findings showing that the variant arose de novo without confirmation of maternity and paternity, so PM6 cannot be assessed.

Rule
Assumed de novo, but without confirmation of paternity and maternity.
Evidence considered
  • No case-level de novo observation or parental testing information was documented in the available evidence.
Still missing
  • Affected proband phenotype and family-history documentation.
  • Evidence supporting a de novo origin.
  • Parental genotype and relationship-confirmation details, even if incomplete.
PP1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no affected relatives with documented co-segregation or informative meioses are reported. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available evidence does not report affected family members, their genotypes, or transmission of NM_000518.5:c.79G>A through a family. Because no co-segregation observations or meioses are available, PP1 cannot be assessed under the generic definition.

Rule
Co-segregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease.
Evidence considered
  • No family pedigree, affected-relative genotypes, or segregation data for NM_000518.5:c.79G>A were documented in the available evidence.
Still missing
  • Pedigree identifying affected relatives.
  • Phenotype status and variant genotype for each informative family member.
  • Number of informative meioses and segregation pattern.
PP2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: HBB missense disease variation is documented, but a low gene-level benign missense rate was not established. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

HBB missense/structural variants are documented in the reviewed material, including the disease-associated Hb E missense allele, but the evidence does not establish both required PP2 components: a low rate of benign missense variation for HBB and missense variants as a common disease mechanism under a gene-level comparison. The observed variant's population frequency cannot substitute for a gene-level benign-missense-rate assessment.

Rule
Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:25052315, The genes and disease-causing variants: reports more than 280 HBB beta-thalassemia variants and more than 1150 structural hemoglobin DNA variants, with the majority of beta-thalassemia variants described as point variants.
  • PMID:27828729, Discussion/Table 2/Table 3: identifies HBB:c.79G>A as a frequent disease-associated allele in a thalassemia cohort.
  • gnomAD v4.1: the observed HBB:c.79G>A allele has overall AF 0.000223706 and South Asian AF 0.00258015; these are variant-level frequencies, not a gene-level benign missense-rate analysis.
Still missing
  • A gene-level analysis demonstrating both low benign missense variation and a common missense disease mechanism for HBB is needed.
Sources
PP4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: the patient's phenotype and family history needed to judge high specificity for a single-gene disease are not provided. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The governing ACMG/AMP rule is: "Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology." The available case evidence identifies the HBB variant but does not provide the patient's phenotype, family history, or a sufficiently specific disease presentation for assessment under PP4.

Rule
Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.
Still missing
  • Patient phenotype and family history are needed to determine whether the presentation is highly specific for an HBB-related disease with a single genetic etiology.
BS2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: gnomAD reports five homozygotes, but it does not establish that they were healthy adults without HBB-related disease. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS2 cannot be assessed from the available data. gnomAD reports one homozygote in v2.1, one homozygote in the v2.1 non-cancer exomes, and five homozygotes in v4.1, including four South Asian homozygotes, but these database records do not document that the individuals were healthy adults, their ages, clinical status, or absence of HBB-related disease. Therefore the observations do not establish the required healthy-adult homozygous state for a recessive disorder.

Rule
Observed in a healthy adult individual for a recessive (homozygous), dominant (heterozygous), or X-linked (hemizygous) disorder, with full penetrance expected at an early age.
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v2.1 reports one homozygote among 282758 total alleles; gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes report one homozygote among 236814 exome alleles.
  • gnomAD v4.1 reports five homozygotes among 1613724 total alleles, including four among South Asians; the dataset does not provide verified healthy-adult phenotype or age information for these individuals.
Still missing
  • Verified healthy-adult status, age, phenotype, and ascertainment details for homozygous individuals are unavailable.
Sources
BS3 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no controlled functional study demonstrates absence of damage to protein function or splicing, while the reviewed source describes abnormal splicing and reduced betaE-mRNA. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No reviewed source provides a well-established functional study showing that HBB c.79G>A has no damaging effect on protein function or splicing. The available Hb E review instead describes a cryptic splice site, aberrant beta-globin transcript splicing, and reduced betaE-mRNA production, but it does not provide the controlled assay design and quantitative evidence required to evaluate BS3. Consequently, BS3 is not assessed.

Rule
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function or splicing.
Evidence considered
  • Masiello et al. 2007, PMID:17278112, Laboratory Diagnosis, p. 644: the review describes abnormal splicing and decreased betaE-mRNA production rather than evidence of normal protein function or normal splicing.
  • The reviewed source does not report a controlled assay demonstrating no damaging effect for HBB c.79G>A.
Still missing
  • A well-established benign functional study with appropriate controls and quantitative protein-function or splicing results is needed to assess BS3.
Sources
BS4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no affected relatives with documented absence of this variant are reported. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available evidence does not identify affected family members who were tested for NM_000518.5:c.79G>A and found not to carry it. Therefore, no lack-of-segregation observation is available for BS4; phenocopy and the possibility of more than one pathogenic variant also cannot be evaluated.

Rule
Lack of segregation in affected members of a family.
Evidence considered
  • No affected-relative testing showing absence of NM_000518.5:c.79G>A was documented in the available evidence.
Still missing
  • Affected family members with reliable phenotype classification.
  • Variant test results for affected relatives.
  • Assessment of phenocopies and additional pathogenic variants in the family.
BP2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: compound-heterozygous recessive cases were reported, but no cis observation or fully penetrant dominant trans context was established. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available evidence reports HBB:c.79G>A in compound-heterozygous, recessive thalassemia genotypes, not in cis with another pathogenic variant. No evidence establishes a fully penetrant dominant HBB disorder for which the variant was observed in trans with a pathogenic variant, and no parental or molecular phasing data establish cis. The BP2 applicability requirements are therefore not demonstrated.

Rule
Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant gene/disorder or observed in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern.
Evidence considered
  • Panja et al. 2017, Table 3, compound heterozygous (HbE/b) rows: HBB:c.79G>A is reported with multiple beta-thalassemia alleles; no cis configuration is reported.
  • Panja et al. 2017, Methods and Discussion: the cohort consists of thalassemia patients and describes thalassemia as autosomal recessive; no fully penetrant dominant trans context is established.
Still missing
  • Evidence of the variant in cis with a pathogenic variant, or evidence meeting the fully penetrant dominant trans condition, is unavailable.
Sources
BP5 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no documented case links this variant with a confirmed alternate molecular basis for the patient's disease. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The governing ACMG/AMP rule is: "Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease." The available evidence does not document an individual case carrying HBB:c.79G>A in which an alternate molecular basis for that disease was established; population frequency and thalassemia-cohort data do not establish BP5.

Rule
Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease.
Still missing
  • A documented case with HBB:c.79G>A and a confirmed alternate molecular basis for the relevant disease is required.
Not applicable · 4· recorded as not applicable Show reasons ▾Hide reasons ▴
PVS1 N/ANot applicable: PVS1 requires a null variant (nonsense, frameshift, canonical splice, start-loss or stop-loss), and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PVS1 (ClinGen SVI PVS1 recommendations, PMC6185798, pvs1_generic_framework) applies only to null variant classes — nonsense, frameshift, canonical ±1/2 splice-consensus, translation-initiation-codon loss, and stop-loss variants — each expected to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or otherwise abolish normal protein function. NM_000518.5:c.79G>A in HBB is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys). As a result, no null-variant mechanism (nonsense-mediated decay, truncation, or canonical splice disruption) is triggered by this variant class, so PVS1's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers PVS1 for HBB, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_null_variant_class
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
PM4 N/ANot applicable: PM4 requires a protein-length change, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM4 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) applies to protein length changes: in-frame insertions/deletions in a non-repetitive region, or stop-loss variants that extend the protein past the reference stop codon. NM_000518.5:c.79G>A in HBB is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys). As a result, no change in protein length occurs, so there is nothing for this criterion to evaluate, so PM4's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers PM4 for HBB, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_stop_loss_or_nonrepeat_indel
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
BP3 N/ANot applicable: BP3 requires an in-frame indel in a repeat region, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP3 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) applies to in-frame insertions/deletions located in a repetitive region without a known function. NM_000518.5:c.79G>A in HBB is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys). As a result, the variant does not alter protein length within a repeat region, so there is nothing for this criterion to evaluate, so BP3's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP3 for HBB, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_repeat_region_indel
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
BP7 N/ANot applicable: BP7 requires a synonymous variant, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP7 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) is defined for a synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence and the nucleotide is not highly conserved. NM_000518.5:c.79G>A in HBB is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys). As a result, the encoded protein sequence is altered, so the criterion's silent-variant premise does not hold regardless of any splicing prediction, so BP7's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP7 for HBB, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_synonymous
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
generic_acmg_combination_rules

Identifiers

Gene
HBB
Transcript
NM_000518.5
Coding (HGVS c.)
NM_000518.5:c.79G>A
Protein (HGVS p.)
NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys)
GRCh38
chr11:5226943 C>T
GRCh37
chr11:5248173 C>T
Location and type
Exon 1 · missense
ClinVar
3777010, 446739, 15161, 495980, 439131, 38650, 15483, 15245, 15202

Gene diagram

Every interpreted variant in HBB, mapped onto the exon structure of NM_000518.5. Select a row to find it on the plot.

HBBNM_000518.5
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
gnomAD v4.1 361 / 1,613,724 alleles AF 0.000224 · 5 homozygotes · FAF 0.00231
gnomAD v2.1 66 / 282,758 alleles AF 0.000233 · 1 homozygotes · FAF 0.0009
gnomAD-Canada v1.0 Allele count data not recorded

By genetic ancestry

gnomAD v4.1

AF 0.00022 · 361 / 1,613,724 alleles · 5 hom · FAF 0.0023
South Asian235 / 91,080 0.00264 hom
Remaining individuals70 / 62,492 0.00111 hom
East Asian38 / 44,870 0.00085
Middle Eastern3 / 6,058 0.0005
African/African American5 / 75,032 6.7e-05
Admixed American2 / 60,024 3.3e-05
European (non-Finnish)8 / 1,179,604 6.8e-06
0 alternate alleles recorded in 3 other groups: European (Finnish), Amish, Ashkenazi Jewish.

gnomAD v2.1

AF 0.00023 · 66 / 282,758 alleles · 1 hom · FAF 0.0009
East Asian24 / 19,934 0.0012
South Asian35 / 30,616 0.00111 hom
Remaining individuals2 / 7,222 0.00028
African/African American2 / 24,968 8e-05
Admixed American2 / 35,436 5.6e-05
European (non-Finnish)1 / 129,092 7.7e-06
0 alternate alleles recorded in 2 other groups: Ashkenazi Jewish, European (Finnish).

gnomAD-Canada

AF not recorded · ? / ? alleles

Statements

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 0.000223706; MAF= 0.02237%, 361/1613724 alleles, homozygotes = 5) and has highest observed frequency in the South Asian population (AF= 0.00258015; MAF= 0.25801%, 235/91080 alleles, homozygotes = 4); grpmax FAF= 0.00230876.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.000233415; MAF= 0.02334%, 66/282758 alleles, homozygotes = 1) and has highest observed frequency in the East Asian population (AF= 0.00120397; MAF= 0.12040%, 24/19934 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 0.00089997.

gnomAD-Canada

This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.0010315995222065371, 19/18418 alleles, homozygotes = 1).

Open the gnomAD-Canada detail page →

SpliceAI and Pangolin

SpliceAI acceptor lossat -101 bp
0.001
SpliceAI acceptor gainat -144 bp
0.003
SpliceAI donor lossat -13 bp
0.095
SpliceAI donor gainat +3 bp
0.758
Pangolin splice lossmagnitude shown
-0.005
Pangolin splice gain
0.003

Other predictors

REVEL
0.721
BayesDel
0.241

How the predictions were used

PP3 SupportingACMGMet at supporting strength: REVEL 0.721 meets the missense PP3 threshold of >=0.644. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

NM_000518.5:c.79G>A is a missense variant, NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), so the governing generic rule requires the missense REVEL path only. REVEL is 0.721, which meets the supplied ClinGen SVI supporting PP3 threshold of >= 0.644 from Pejaver et al. 2022 (PMID:36413997). The SpliceAI max delta of 0.758 is not used for PP3 because splice prediction is not the applicable path for a missense variant; BayesDel is not available for generic ACMG strength calibration.

Rule
Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.).
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: NM_000518.5:c.79G>A / NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), REVEL score 0.721.
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration, Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997: generic missense PP3 supporting threshold >= 0.644.
  • SpliceAI max delta 0.758 was excluded because the generic rule selects exactly one predictor path by consequence type and this variant is missense.
Sources
revel
BP4 ACMGNot met: REVEL 0.721 exceeds the missense BP4 supporting threshold of <=0.29. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

NM_000518.5:c.79G>A is a missense variant, so BP4 must be assessed through the missense REVEL path only. REVEL is 0.721, above the supplied generic BP4 supporting cutoff of <= 0.29 from Pejaver et al. 2022 (PMID:36413997), and therefore does not support BP4. The SpliceAI max delta of 0.758 is not substituted because splice prediction is not the applicable path for a missense variant; BayesDel is not available for generic ACMG strength calibration.

Rule
Multiple lines of computational evidence suggest no impact on gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc)
Evidence considered
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: NM_000518.5:c.79G>A / NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys), REVEL score 0.721.
  • ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration, Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997: generic missense BP4 supporting threshold <= 0.29.
  • SpliceAI max delta 0.758 was not used because the generic rule selects exactly one predictor path by consequence type and this variant is missense.
Sources
revel
BP7 N/ANot applicable: BP7 requires a synonymous variant, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP7 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) is defined for a synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence and the nucleotide is not highly conserved. NM_000518.5:c.79G>A in HBB is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_000509.1:p.(Glu27Lys). As a result, the encoded protein sequence is altered, so the criterion's silent-variant premise does not hold regardless of any splicing prediction, so BP7's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP7 for HBB, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_synonymous
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
generic_acmg_combination_rules

Statement

In silico

SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.76). REVEL score = 0.721. BayesDel score = 0.241022.

10 paper records listed. 5 cited in the classification.

Cited in the classification

  • Two new beta-chain variants: Hb Tripoli [beta26(B8)Glu--&gt;Ala] and Hb Tizi-Ouzou [beta29(B11)Gly--&gt;Ser].
    Lacan P et al. · 2004 Aug
    This paper compares beta-chain variants at the legacy codon 26 position, including Hb Tripoli (Glu>Ala), and states that Hb E is the only listed variant at that position clearly associated with a thalassemic phenotype; it does not establish the Glu>Ala comparator as pathogenic.
    → PS4 · strong Names this variant
    PMID 15481887 ↗
    Source detail
    In addition, several Hb variants have been described at the same position (Table 1), and among these, only Hb E is clearly associated with a thalassemic phenotype (8–11).

    Location Discussion of Hb Tripoli, p. 208; Table 1, p. 209

    Context Comparative discussion of codon 26 beta-globin variants; the paper directly characterized Hb Tripoli (GAG>GCG; Glu>Ala), not Hb E.

  • Hemoglobin SE disease: a concise review.
    Masiello D et al. · 2007 Jul
    This clinical review identifies the Hb E allele using legacy numbering as HBB Glu26Lys, corresponding to NM_000518.5:c.79G>A / p.Glu27Lys, and reports that the substitution creates a cryptic donor splice site, causes aberrant beta-globin transcript splicing, decreases betaE-mRNA production, and produces a beta-plus-thalassemia phenotype. The review attributes the mechanistic findings to prior studies and does not present a controlled, quantitative, reproducible functional assay specifically performed for this variant.
    → PS4 · strong Names this variant
    PMID 17278112 ↗
    Source detail
    The nucleotide substitution creates a cryptic donor splice site, GTG;GTAAGG, and causes aberrant splicing of the b-globin gene transcripts, [3] a decrease of bE-mRNA production, and a bþ-thalassemia phenotype [26,27].

    Location Laboratory Diagnosis, p. 644

    Context Clinical review of Hb SE disease and Hb E-related disease; includes clinical HPLC and ARMS diagnosis but summarizes the splice mechanism from cited prior studies rather than reporting a primary controlled functional assay for the variant.

  • Interaction of malaria with a common form of severe thalassemia in an Asian population.
    The available abstract describes interaction of malaria with HbE and beta-thalassemia in an Asian population, but it does not report exact HBB:c.79G>A case and control counts, a control prevalence, or an odds ratio.
    → PS4 · strong Does not name this variant
    PMID 19841268 ↗
    Source detail
    In many Asian populations, the commonest form of severe thalassemia results from the coinheritance of HbE and beta thalassemia.

    Location Abstract

    Context Asian population study concerning severe thalassemia and malaria-related phenotypic modifiers; full text was not available in the case packet.

  • EMQN Best Practice Guidelines for molecular and haematology methods for carrier identification and prenatal diagnosis of the haemoglobinopathies.
    This EMQN best-practice guideline describes the breadth of HBB disease variation, reporting more than 280 beta-thalassemia variants, the majority of which are point variants, and more than 1150 DNA variants causing structural hemoglobin variants; it is gene-level context rather than a formal benign-missense-rate analysis.
    → PS4 · strong Does not name this variant
    PMID 25052315 ↗
    Source detail
    In the HBB gene locus, more than 280 genetic variations (variants) causing b-thalassaemia have been described, the majority of which are point variants.

    Location The genes and disease-causing variants

    Context EMQN best-practice guideline based on haematological/biochemical screening and DNA-analysis methodologies, including PCR-based methods, Sanger sequencing, and variant-characterization techniques.

  • Cross-Sectional Study for the Detection of Mutations in the Beta-Globin Gene Among Patients with Hemoglobinopathies in the Bengali Population.
    This cross-sectional Sanger-sequencing study of 120 Bengali patients with thalassemia reports HBB:c.79G>A as CD26(G>A), a beta-plus hemoglobin variant, observed in 79 of 241 mutant alleles and frequently present in thalassemia genotypes.
    → PS4 · strong Names this variant
    PMID 27828729 ↗
    Source detail
    Two alleles—CD26(G>A) [HBB:c.79G>A] and IVS1-5(G>C) [HBB:c.92 + 5G>C] are very predominant in this population for the manifestation of thalassemia.

    Location Discussion; Table 2; Table 3

    Context Cross-sectional Sanger-sequencing study of 120 Bengali patients with thalassemia major or intermedia; an 800-bp HBB fragment was amplified and sequenced, and mutant-allele frequencies were tabulated for 241 alleles.

Other recorded publications

  • A framework to start the debate on neonatal screening policies in the EU: an Expert Opinion Document.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 23652378 ↗
  • Whole-genome sequencing in newborn screening? A statement on the continued importance of targeted approaches in newborn screening programmes.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 25626707 ↗
  • Specific guidelines for assessing and improving the methodological quality of economic evaluations of newborn screening.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 22947299 ↗
  • Management of sickle cell disease: summary of the 2014 evidence-based report by expert panel members.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 25203083 ↗
  • Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 28492532 ↗

Screenshots represent source records captured during evidence collection. Select one to view the recorded source content.

All source links

Statements for reports

The evidence statements recorded by the interpretation pipeline. They have not been reinterpreted by the page.

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 0.000223706; MAF= 0.02237%, 361/1613724 alleles, homozygotes = 5) and has highest observed frequency in the South Asian population (AF= 0.00258015; MAF= 0.25801%, 235/91080 alleles, homozygotes = 4); grpmax FAF= 0.00230876.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.000233415; MAF= 0.02334%, 66/282758 alleles, homozygotes = 1) and has highest observed frequency in the East Asian population (AF= 0.00120397; MAF= 0.12040%, 24/19934 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 0.00089997.

gnomAD-Canada

This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.0010315995222065371, 19/18418 alleles, homozygotes = 1).

ClinVar

This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (36 clinical laboratories). (ClinVarID = 15161)

In silico

SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.76). REVEL score = 0.721. BayesDel score = 0.241022.

Somatic

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.