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Variant interpretation report

LDLR c.621C>T, p.Gly207=

NM_000527.5:c.621C>T NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=) Synonymous · exon 4 View identifiers
Classification
Pathogenic

Variant description:

The LDLR NM_000527.5:c.621C>T (NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=)) synonymous variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV52944419, n = 1 time). Based on available guidelines, this variant is considered to be Pathogenic.

Five-step scale from benign to pathogenic. This variant is pathogenic. Select a step to read what it means.

Pathogenic.A pathogenic classification under the recorded framework.

In plain language

Gene-level background from the recorded interpretation.

About LDLR

LDLR encodes a cell-surface receptor that removes low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol from the bloodstream into cells, helping regulate cholesterol levels and synthesis. Inherited defects in LDLR cause familial hypercholesterolemia, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormally high cholesterol. LDLR is not known to have a direct cancer association.

LYFE Sciences is an AI system, and it can make mistakes. Criteria may be applied incorrectly, sources may be misread, and a confident-looking classification can still be wrong. Double-check every criterion and its underlying evidence before relying on any call.
01The reasoning

How it was classified

The recorded framework is ClinGen LDLR VCEP v1.2. The criteria and strengths shown below come from the saved assessment; this page does not recalculate the classification.

Recorded applied criteria

The applied criteria and their strengths are shown as assessed under the stated framework.

Pathogenic evidence criteria: 4 Benign evidence criteria: 0
Pathogenic criteria applied · 4
PVS1Very strong
PVS1 · very strong

Met, very strong: c.621C>T causes a stable mRNA with a demonstrated 75-bp in-frame deletion, removing 25 LDLR amino acids.

PS4Strong
PS4 · strong

Met strong: PMID:18400033 reports 35 unrelated FH index cases, exceeding the VCEP threshold of ≥10, and grpmax FAF 6.8e-7 satisfies PM2.

PM2Moderate
PM2 · moderate

Met at Moderate: gnomAD v4.1 group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, below the VCEP PM2 PopMax MAF threshold of 0.0002.

PP4Supporting
PP4 · supporting

Met supporting: the variant was identified in clinically diagnosed FH patients after known alternative molecular causes were excluded, and grpmax FAF 6.8e-7 satisfies PM2.

Benign criteria applied · 0

No benign criterion marked as applied in the recorded assessment.

Recorded classification: Pathogenic

Pathogenic: PVS1 (very strong), PS4 (strong), PM2 (moderate), and PP4 (supporting) satisfy ACMG/AMP 2015 Table 5.

02The sources

Evidence at a glance

Evidence summaries and captured source records, where available. Missing entries should not be interpreted as negative findings.

SpliceAI score
0.981 maximum delta

Recorded SpliceAI maximum delta score: 0.981. Refer to the recorded PP3/BP4 rationale for interpretation.

No listed criterion applied SpliceAI ↗
ClinVar submissions
11 reported laboratory submissions

10 Pathogenic · 1 Likely pathogenic. ClinVar API review status: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts.

Context only ClinVar ↗
No screenshot for this evidence
Functional evidence
Not recorded

No standalone functional evidence summary is recorded in evidence_summary.functional.

No listed criterion applied OncoKB ↗
COSMIC
Cancer Hotspots
Somatic evidence
1 recorded samples

This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV52944419, n = 1 times).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.

For specialists

Technical detail

ACMG/AMP criteria under ClinGen LDLR VCEP v1.2, with the data and sources behind each one.

28 criteria with recorded statuses: 4 met · 2 not met · 12 not assessed · 10 not applicable. Open any row for the full reasoning, the rule and the evidence behind it.

Met Not met Not assessed Not applicable

PS1, PM1, and PM5 are all not applicable under the LDLR VCEP Version 1.2 rules because the queried variant is synonymous rather than missense.

Within the requested phenotype/prevalence group, PS4 is met at Strong from 35 unrelated FH index cases in PMID:18400033 plus the required VCEP PM2 condition; PP4 is met at Supporting from the same clinically diagnosed FH cohort with known alternative molecular causes excluded.

PP5, BP5, and BP6 are not applicable because the LDLR FH VCEP explicitly excludes them or states that they are not for use.

The population evidence supports PM2 at Moderate strength; BA1 and BS1 are not met because the gnomAD v4.1 group maximum FAF is below both benign-frequency thresholds, while BS2 cannot be assessed without qualifying normolipidemic adult phenotype data.

Met · 4

PVS1 Very strongVCEPMet, very strong: c.621C>T causes a stable mRNA with a demonstrated 75-bp in-frame deletion, removing 25 LDLR amino acids. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

NM_000527.5:c.621C>T is a synonymous exon 4 variant on the VCEP preferred transcript, but PMID:18400033 directly demonstrated a cryptic 3′ splice-donor site and aberrant stable mRNA containing a 75-bp in-frame deletion, removing 25 amino acids from the LDLR protein. The VCEP establishes LDLR loss of function as a disease mechanism and directs PVS1 strength through its Figure 1 flow diagram; this experimentally demonstrated abnormal transcript is consistent with the full-strength PVS1 path. No VCEP-specific downgrade rule is supplied in the available criterion entry for this demonstrated splice-altering event.

VCEP rule
See PVS1 flow diagram (Figure 1).
Evidence considered
  • The VCEP identifies NM_000527.5 as the preferred LDLR transcript and includes PVS1 guidance for LDLR.
  • Variant assessment: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T is in exon 4 and is annotated p.(Gly207=), synonymous on the reference transcript.
  • Defesche et al. (PMID:18400033) directly studied this variant and reported creation of a cryptic 3′ splice-donor site in exon 4, aberrant splicing, and a stable mRNA with a 75-bp in-frame deletion; the predicted protein loses 25 amino acids.
  • The VCEP PVS1 entry specifies that strength is determined using the PVS1 flow diagram (Figure 1); the full-strength tier is recorded as very strong.
  • The available gnomAD v4.1 record reports grpmax FAF 6.8e-7, below the VCEP PM2 requirement of 0.0002; this prerequisite is satisfied but PM2 is not adjudicated in this group.
Sources
cspec ↗pvs1_variant_assessmentPMID:18400033 ↗
PS4 StrongVCEPMet strong: PMID:18400033 reports 35 unrelated FH index cases, exceeding the VCEP threshold of ≥10, and grpmax FAF 6.8e-7 satisfies PM2. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP Strong PS4 rule requires the variant in ≥10 unrelated FH cases with diagnosis met by validated clinical criteria and requires PM2. PMID:18400033 explicitly identifies LDLR c.621C>T/G186G in 35 unrelated index cases from a cohort of 1350 clinically diagnosed FH patients after exclusion of known functional LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 variants. This exceeds the VCEP case threshold (35 ≥ 10). The variant also meets the VCEP PM2 caveat: gnomAD v4.1 reports grpmax FAF 6.8e-7, and the VCEP PM2 threshold is MAF ≤0.0002 (0.02%), so 0.00000068 ≤ 0.0002? yes. The literature-pass PS4 leads were checked: PMID:10735632 reports only 1–2 individuals for newly identified variants and does not independently meet PS4; PMID:18400033 provides the decisive case count. No control allele count or odds ratio is reported in the cited variant-specific extracts, so no case-control OR/95% CI was computed; the VCEP's rare-variant case-count path is met instead.

VCEP rule
Variant is found in ≥10 unrelated FH cases (FH diagnosis met by validated clinical criteria). Caveat: variant must also meet PM2
Evidence considered
  • PMID:18400033, Results/Table 1/Fig. 2a: LDLR c.621C>T is described as G186G and was identified in 35 unrelated index cases, including two homozygous cases; the cohort comprised 1350 clinically diagnosed FH patients after exclusion of known functional LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 variants.
  • PMID:10735632, Results and Table 3: C>T at nucleotide 621/G186G was reported as a new polymorphism; newly identified mutations and polymorphisms occurred in only 1 or 2 individuals, so this paper does not independently reach the VCEP PS4 threshold.
  • gnomAD v4.1: variant total AF 2.47891e-6 and grpmax FAF 6.8e-7; VCEP PM2 threshold is MAF ≤0.0002, giving 0.00000068 ≤ 0.0002? yes.
  • The abstract/full-text extraction for the literature-pass PS4 candidate PMID:18400033 was verified against the variant-specific paper extract; it supports the case-count path, not a printed case-control odds ratio.
Sources
PM2 ModerateVCEPMet at Moderate: gnomAD v4.1 group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, below the VCEP PM2 PopMax MAF threshold of 0.0002. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM2 is met at Moderate strength. The LDLR VCEP requires a PopMax MAF of at most 0.0002 (0.02%) in gnomAD, with consideration of known founder variants. In the default all-comers gnomAD v4.1 data, the group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7 and the highest observed population AF is 1.60031e-5 (1/62,488 alleles), both below 0.0002; no founder exception is documented in the available evidence. The VCEP does not specify a non-cancer or exome-only source, so the all-comers gnomAD v4.1 entry is used.

VCEP rule
Variant has a PopMax MAF ≤0.0002 (0.02%) in gnomAD. Consider exceptions for known founder variants.
Evidence considered
  • ClinGen FH VCEP Version 1.2 PM2 rule: a variant qualifies when its PopMax MAF is ≤0.0002 (0.02%) in gnomAD; exceptions should be considered for known founder variants.
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: group maximum FAF = 6.8e-7; highest observed population is Remaining individuals with AF = 1.60031e-5 (1/62,488 alleles); total AF = 2.47891e-6 from 4/1,613,612 alleles; homozygotes = 0. These frequencies are below 0.0002, and no founder exception is documented. The VCEP does not specify a non-cancer or exome-only source for PM2, so the all-comers entry is used.
Sources
PP4 SupportingVCEPMet supporting: the variant was identified in clinically diagnosed FH patients after known alternative molecular causes were excluded, and grpmax FAF 6.8e-7 satisfies PM2. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP PP4 Supporting rule applies to any LDLR variant identified in an FH patient diagnosed by validated clinical criteria after alternative causes of high cholesterol are excluded, with a PM2 caveat. PMID:18400033 identifies c.621C>T/G186G in clinically diagnosed FH patients and states that the study cohort excluded known functional LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 variants. The variant also meets PM2: grpmax FAF is 6.8e-7 versus the VCEP PM2 threshold MAF ≤0.0002 (0.02%), so 0.00000068 ≤ 0.0002? yes. The available report does not provide an individual Dutch Lipid Clinic Network score, Simon Broome category, or MEDPED result, but it explicitly describes a clinically diagnosed FH cohort with alternative known molecular causes excluded; this is treated as satisfying the VCEP's stated FH-patient path.

VCEP rule
Any LDLR variant identified in an FH patient [diagnosis based on validated clinical criteria, e.g. Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (≥6), Simon Broome possible/definite), MEDPED], after alternative causes of high cholesterol are excluded. Caveat: variant must also meet PM2.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:18400033, cohort description and Results: the variant was identified in patients with clinically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia after exclusion of known functional variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9; the variant was found in 35 unrelated index cases.
  • gnomAD v4.1: grpmax FAF 6.8e-7; VCEP PM2 threshold is MAF ≤0.0002, giving 0.00000068 ≤ 0.0002? yes.
Sources

Not met · 2 · evaluated, threshold not reached

BA1 VCEPNot met: gnomAD v4.1 group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, far below the VCEP BA1 threshold of 0.005. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BA1 is not met. The LDLR VCEP requires a PopMax FAF of at least 0.005 (0.5%) in gnomAD. In the default all-comers gnomAD v4.1 data, the variant's group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, and its total allele frequency is 2.47891e-6 (4/1,613,612 alleles; 0 homozygotes), all far below the BA1 threshold. The VCEP rule does not specify a non-cancer or exome-only source, so the all-comers gnomAD v4.1 entry is used.

VCEP rule
Variant has a PopMax FAF ≥0.005 (0.5%) in gnomAD.
Evidence considered
  • ClinGen FH VCEP Version 1.2 BA1 rule: a variant qualifies when its PopMax FAF is ≥0.005 (0.5%) in gnomAD.
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: group maximum FAF = 6.8e-7; total AF = 2.47891e-6 from 4/1,613,612 alleles; homozygotes = 0. The VCEP does not specify a non-cancer or exome-only source for BA1, so the all-comers entry is used.
Sources
BS1 VCEPNot met: gnomAD v4.1 group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, below the VCEP BS1 threshold of 0.002. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS1 is not met. The LDLR VCEP requires a PopMax FAF of at least 0.002 (0.2%) in gnomAD. In the default all-comers gnomAD v4.1 data, the variant's group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, below the BS1 threshold; the total AF is 2.47891e-6 with 4 alternate alleles among 1,613,612 alleles and no homozygotes. The VCEP rule does not specify a non-cancer or exome-only source, so the all-comers gnomAD v4.1 entry is used.

VCEP rule
Variant has a PopMax FAF ≥0.002 (0.2%) in gnomAD.
Evidence considered
  • ClinGen FH VCEP Version 1.2 BS1 rule: a variant qualifies when its PopMax FAF is ≥0.002 (0.2%) in gnomAD.
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: group maximum FAF = 6.8e-7; total AF = 2.47891e-6 from 4/1,613,612 alleles; homozygotes = 0. The VCEP does not specify a non-cancer or exome-only source for BS1, so the all-comers entry is used.
Sources

Not assessed · 12 · no assessment recorded

PS2 VCEPNot assessed: confirmed parental genotypes and documented absence of family history are not available for the patient. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP requires the variant to be de novo in a patient with the disease and no family history. The available evidence does not document confirmed maternity and paternity, parental genotypes, or absence of family history for this patient; therefore PS2 cannot be evaluated.

VCEP rule
Variant is de novo in a patient with the disease and no family history. Follow SVI guidance for de novo occurrences: https://clinicalgenome.org/working-groups/sequence-variant-interpretation/
Evidence considered
  • No case-specific parental testing, confirmed de novo result, or family-history assessment is documented in the available evidence.
Still missing
  • Confirmed maternity and paternity testing with both parents' genotypes
  • Documentation that the patient has familial hypercholesterolemia under the VCEP framework
  • Documentation of no family history
Sources
PS3 VCEPNot assessed: aberrant splicing was shown, but the VCEP requires RNA transcript confirmation by sequencing for PS3 Supporting and that confirmation was not documented. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP allows PS3 Supporting for an RNA study from heterozygous or homozygous patient cells when an aberrant transcript is confirmed by sequencing, without transcript quantification. PMID:18400033 directly studied NM_000527.5:c.621C>T (G186G/Gly207Gly) in patient blood RNA and showed an aberrantly spliced, stable mRNA with an in-frame deletion of 75 nucleotides, but the reported method was cDNA PCR followed by agarose-gel electrophoresis and the paper does not document confirmation of the aberrant transcript by sequencing. The study therefore does not establish the VCEP's required Level 3 PS3 condition; the VCEP Level 2 and Level 1 conditions are also not evaluable because the study does not provide the required transcript quantification or whole-cycle heterologous-cell assay results. PMID:31578082 evaluated other LDLR variants and does not mention or test c.621C>T, so it cannot supply variant-specific functional evidence.

VCEP rule
Variant meets Level 3 pathogenic functional study criteria. See Table 3. (1) Study of LDLR cycle (whole or part) in heterozygous patient cells, with assay results of <85% of wild-type activity in either LDLR expression/biosynthesis, LDL binding OR internalization. (2) Luciferase studies with transcription levels of <50% compared to wild-type (applicable to 5’UTR/promoter variants). (3) Minigene splicing assays with <10% wild-type transcript present where anaberrant transcript from the candidate variant is confirmed by sequencing. (4) High-throughput assays, which include alternative microscopy assays (e.g.,Thormaehlen et al., 2015), Multiplex Assays of Variant Effect (MAVE) (e.g.,Weile & Roth, 2018) and deep mutational scanning assays, can be considered here, only if assay has been validated with a minimum of four pathogenic and four benign variant controls in LDLR. Note: % activity thresholds will be defined by the FH VCEP as more data becomes available. (5) RNA studies, using RNA extracted from heterozygous or homozygous patient cells, with aberrant transcript confirmed by sequencing (but without transcript quantification).
Evidence considered
  • VCEP PS3 Level 3 rule: RNA studies using RNA from heterozygous or homozygous patient cells require an aberrant transcript confirmed by sequencing; transcript quantification is not required on that path.
  • Defesche et al. 2008 (PMID:18400033), Results, paragraphs 1 and 3; Table 1; Fig. 2a: c.621C>T/G186G was studied in patient blood RNA; cDNA analysis showed an aberrant stable transcript with an in-frame 75-nucleotide deletion, but the reported assay used PCR and agarose-gel electrophoresis and did not document transcript sequencing.
  • Banerjee et al. 2019 (PMID:31578082), Results, Functional In vitro Characterization: the study tested other LDLR variants in patient lymphocytes and LDLR-deficient CHO-ldlA7 cells; c.621C>T was not mentioned or tested.
Still missing
  • Variant-specific confirmation by sequencing of the aberrant transcript is not documented.
  • No VCEP Level 1 whole-LDLR-cycle assay result or Level 2 quantified RNA result is available for this variant.
Sources
PM3 VCEPNot assessed: two homozygous FH cases were reported, but no single pathogenic partner variant in trans was documented, although group maximum FAF was 6.8e-7. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP permits PM3 at Moderate strength only when the candidate LDLR variant is observed in an individual with a homozygous FH phenotype and there is exactly one other pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in LDLR in trans, APOB, or PCSK9; the candidate must also meet PM2. The case evidence documents that c.621C>T was reported in two homozygous FH individuals, but it does not identify a second pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant or establish its phase in either individual. The variant's gnomAD v4.1 group maximum FAF is 6.8e-7, below the VCEP PM2 threshold of 0.0002, but the required allelic partner and trans phase are unavailable, so PM3 cannot be evaluated.

VCEP rule
This criterion can be used for a candidate LDLR variant observed in an individual with a homozygous FH phenotype when there is only one other pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in LDLR (in trans), APOB or PCSK9. Caveat: variant must also meet PM2.
Evidence considered
  • ClinGen FH VCEP CSPEC PM3 rule: Moderate strength requires a candidate LDLR variant in an individual with a homozygous FH phenotype and only one other pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in LDLR in trans, APOB or PCSK9; the variant must also meet PM2.
  • Defesche et al. 2008 (PMID:18400033), Results/Table 1/Fig. 2a: LDLR c.621C>T (G186G; equivalent to p.Gly207=) was identified in 35 unrelated index cases and subsequently in 62 first-degree relatives; two individuals were described as homozygous, with LDL-C levels of 14.8 and 10.5 mmol/L and myocardial infarction before age 20, but no second pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant or trans phase was documented.
  • gnomAD v4.1: group maximum FAF = 6.8e-7, which is below the VCEP PM2 threshold of 0.0002; this satisfies the PM2 caveat but does not establish the required allelic partner or phase.
Still missing
  • A documented pathogenic or likely pathogenic LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 variant in the same affected individual is needed.
  • Phase evidence establishing that the partner variant is in trans is needed.
  • The homozygous FH phenotype must be documented for the individual used to apply PM3.
Sources
PM6 VCEPNot assessed: PM6 defers to PS2, but no documented de novo occurrence or parental testing is available. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP defines PM6 as the moderate-strength pathway for PS2 and provides no separate PM6 evidence rule. Because the required de novo evidence for PS2 is not documented, PM6 cannot be evaluated.

VCEP rule
See PS2 above.
Evidence considered
  • The VCEP PM6 entry states only 'See PS2 above'; the available evidence does not establish the PS2 requirements.
Still missing
  • Case-specific evidence establishing a de novo occurrence under the PS2 rule
  • Confirmed maternity and paternity testing with both parents' genotypes
  • Documentation that the patient has the disease and no family history
Sources
PP1 VCEPNot assessed: 35 index cases and 62 relatives were reported, but informative-meiosis counts and required LDL-C phenotype data are unavailable. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP requires segregation with phenotype in 2-3 informative meioses for supporting, 4-5 for moderate, or at least 6 for strong, with the specified affected relatives and LDL-C thresholds. PMID:18400033 reports 35 unrelated index cases and 62 first-degree relatives, but the available extraction does not provide family-level genotypes, informative-meiosis counts, or LDL-C values showing which relatives met the required threshold. The criterion therefore cannot be assigned.

VCEP rule
Variant segregates with phenotype in ≥6 informative meioses in ≥1 family. Must include ≥2 affected relatives (LDL-C >75th centile) with the variant. ... Variant segregates with phenotype in 4-5 informative meioses in ≥1 family. Must include ≥2 affected relatives (LDL-C >75th centile) with the variant. ... Variant segregates with phenotype in 2-3 informative meioses in ≥1 family. Must include ≥1 affected relative (LDL-C >75th centile) with the variant.
Evidence considered
  • Defesche et al. (PMID:18400033), Results and Table 1, reports G186G/c.621C>T in 35 unrelated index cases and subsequently in 62 first-degree relatives, but the extracted evidence does not give the family-specific segregation records, informative-meiosis count, or LDL-C >75th-centile status required by the VCEP.
  • The VCEP PP1 thresholds are 2-3 informative meioses for supporting, 4-5 for moderate, and at least 6 for strong; none can be verified from the available variant-specific evidence.
Still missing
  • Family-level genotype and phenotype data for the reported relatives
  • Count of informative meioses per family
  • LDL-C values or centile classifications for affected relatives
  • Identification of at least one or two affected relatives meeting the applicable VCEP threshold
Sources
PP3 VCEPNot assessed: the VCEP requires MaxEntScan for splice-impact PP3, but only SpliceAI max delta 0.981 and SPLICESITEFINDER evidence are available. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP limits PP3 to REVEL >=0.75 for missense variants or predicted splice impact using MaxEntScan. This variant is synonymous, so the missense path does not apply. The available computational result is SpliceAI max delta 0.981, and PMID:18400033 reports a splice prediction with SPLICESITEFINDER plus aberrant splicing; neither is MaxEntScan. Because the governing rule names MaxEntScan and no MaxEntScan result or the VCEP's Figure 2 threshold application is available, PP3 cannot be assessed without substituting an ungoverned predictor.

VCEP rule
REVEL score ≥0.75 (missense variants), or predicted impact to splicing using MaxEntScan (see Fig. 2 for suggested thresholds).
Evidence considered
  • The variant is synonymous: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=), so the VCEP's missense REVEL path is not applicable.
  • SpliceAI reports DS_DG 0.981 as the maximum delta score; SpliceAI is not the predictor named by the VCEP PP3 rule and therefore is not used to assign PP3.
  • PMID:18400033 reports a splice prediction using SPLICESITEFINDER and experimentally observed aberrant splicing, but it does not provide the MaxEntScan result required by this VCEP rule.
Still missing
  • A MaxEntScan result for NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, evaluated using the VCEP's Figure 2 suggested threshold, is unavailable.
Sources
BS2 VCEPNot assessed: gnomAD v4.1 reports 0 homozygotes but lacks the required normolipidemic, untreated adult phenotype data and qualifying heterozygote count. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS2 cannot be assessed. The VCEP requires identification of the variant in at least 3 heterozygous or at least 1 homozygous well-phenotyped, untreated, normolipidemic, unrelated adult. gnomAD v4.1 reports 0 homozygotes but does not provide the required normolipidemic, untreated adult phenotype data or establish three qualifying heterozygous adults, so the rule cannot be evaluated.

VCEP rule
Variant is identified in ≥3 heterozygous or ≥1 homozygous well-phenotyped, untreated, normolipidemic adults (unrelated).
Evidence considered
  • ClinGen FH VCEP Version 1.2 BS2 rule: the variant must be identified in ≥3 heterozygous or ≥1 homozygous well-phenotyped, untreated, normolipidemic, unrelated adults.
  • gnomAD v4.1 all-comers: 4 alternate alleles were observed, with 0 homozygotes, but the available record does not provide untreated normolipidemic phenotype status or the unrelated-adult ascertainment required by BS2.
Still missing
  • Well-phenotyped, untreated, normolipidemic unrelated adults carrying the variant are needed, with documentation of either at least 3 heterozygotes or at least 1 homozygote.
Sources
BS3 VCEPNot assessed: no VCEP-eligible benign whole-cycle or specified RNA/splicing assay showing the required greater-than-90% activity was reported for this variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP requires BS3 Strong evidence to demonstrate more than 90% of wild-type activity for expression/biosynthesis, LDL binding, and internalization in a whole-LDLR-cycle assay using heterologous cells without endogenous LDLR and a mutant plasmid. BS3 Supporting requires the specified whole-cycle results in true homozygous or heterozygous patient cells, or one of the VCEP-listed benign transcription, RNA, minigene, or validated high-throughput assays. No such benign result is reported for NM_000527.5:c.621C>T. PMID:18400033 instead reports aberrant splicing and a 75-nucleotide in-frame deletion, while PMID:31578082 does not mention or test this variant. Therefore the VCEP BS3 rule cannot be satisfied or calibrated for this variant.

VCEP rule
Variant meets Level 1 benign functional study criteria. See Table 3. (1) Study of the whole LDLR cycle (LDLR expression/biosynthesis, LDL binding, and LDL internalization) performed in heterologous cells (with no endogenous LDLR) transfected with mutant plasmid. Assay result of >90% of wild-type activity in expression/biosynthesis, binding AND internalization. Note: studies of only part of the LDLR cycle are not eligible for BS3 or BS3_Supporting.
Evidence considered
  • VCEP BS3 Strong rule requires a whole-LDLR-cycle assay in heterologous cells without endogenous LDLR and greater than 90% of wild-type activity in expression/biosynthesis, binding, and internalization; studies of only part of the cycle are ineligible.
  • VCEP BS3 Supporting rule lists whole-cycle patient-cell studies, specified luciferase/RNA/minigene assays, and validated high-throughput assays as eligible paths.
  • Defesche et al. 2008 (PMID:18400033), Results, paragraphs 1 and 3; Fig. 2a: the variant produced aberrant splicing with an in-frame 75-nucleotide deletion, not a benign functional result.
  • Banerjee et al. 2019 (PMID:31578082), Results, Functional In vitro Characterization: functional assays concerned other LDLR variants; c.621C>T was not mentioned or tested.
Still missing
  • No variant-specific VCEP Level 1 or Level 3 benign functional result is available.
  • No assay reports greater than 90% of wild-type activity for all required LDLR-cycle components.
Sources
BS4 VCEPNot assessed: no two unrelated families with at least two informative meioses each and an unaffected carrier below the LDL-C 50th centile are documented. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP requires lack of segregation in at least two unrelated index-case families, at least two informative meioses in each family, and at least one unaffected relative with LDL-C below the 50th centile who carries the variant. No such unrelated-family non-segregation data or unaffected carrier phenotype is documented.

VCEP rule
Lack of segregation in ≥2 index case families (unrelated), when data is available for ≥2 informative meioses in each family. ... Caveat: must be ≥1 unaffected relative (LDL-C <50th centile) who is positive for the variant.
Evidence considered
  • No variant-positive unaffected relative with LDL-C below the 50th centile and no qualifying non-segregation data from two unrelated families are documented in the available evidence.
Still missing
  • Non-segregation data from at least two unrelated index-case families
  • At least two informative meioses documented in each family
  • At least one variant-positive unaffected relative per applicable family with LDL-C <50th centile
Sources
BP2 VCEPNot assessed: FH cohorts included heterozygous patients, but no pathogenic partner variant in LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 with documented trans phase was reported. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP applies BP2 at Supporting strength when an FH patient with a heterozygous phenotype has a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in LDLR in trans, APOB, or PCSK9, and the candidate is an additional LDLR variant. The available reports describe c.621C>T among heterozygous FH patients and identify homozygous cases, but they do not document an additional pathogenic or likely pathogenic LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 variant in an FH patient with a heterozygous phenotype, nor do they establish phase. Therefore, BP2 cannot be assessed.

VCEP rule
If a FH patient with a heterozygous phenotype has a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in LDLR (in trans), APOB or PCSK9, BP2 is applicable to any additional LDLR variants.
Evidence considered
  • ClinGen FH VCEP CSPEC BP2 rule: Supporting strength requires an FH patient with a heterozygous phenotype who has a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in LDLR in trans, APOB, or PCSK9, with BP2 applied to any additional LDLR variant.
  • Hobbs et al. 1992 (PMID:10735632), Results/Table 3: c.621C>T (G186G) was reported as a new polymorphism during screening of 141 apparently unrelated heterozygous FH patients, but no additional pathogenic/likely pathogenic partner variant or phase was reported for this variant.
  • Defesche et al. 2008 (PMID:18400033), Results/Table 1/Fig. 2a: the variant was reported in clinically diagnosed FH cases and two homozygous individuals, but no qualifying partner variant or phase information was provided for a heterozygous FH patient.
Still missing
  • A documented FH patient with a heterozygous phenotype and an additional pathogenic or likely pathogenic LDLR, APOB, or PCSK9 variant is needed.
  • Phase evidence establishing the partner variant is in trans is needed.
Sources
BP4 VCEPNot assessed: the VCEP requires MaxEntScan for no-splice-impact BP4, while available SpliceAI predicts impact with max delta 0.981. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP limits BP4 to REVEL <=0.5 for missense variants or no predicted splice impact using MaxEntScan. This variant is synonymous, so the missense path does not apply. The available computational result is SpliceAI max delta 0.981, which is not the predictor named by the governing rule; PMID:18400033 reports SPLICESITEFINDER-based splice impact rather than MaxEntScan. Therefore the required MaxEntScan no-impact assessment is unavailable, and BP4 cannot be assessed without applying an ungoverned predictor.

VCEP rule
REVEL score ≤0.5 (missense variants), or no predicted impact to splicing using MaxEntScan (see Fig. 2 for suggested thresholds).
Evidence considered
  • The variant is synonymous: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=), so the VCEP's missense REVEL path is not applicable.
  • SpliceAI reports DS_DG 0.981 as the maximum delta score and therefore does not provide a no-impact result; however, SpliceAI is not the predictor named by the VCEP BP4 rule and is not used to assign BP4.
  • PMID:18400033 reports a splice prediction using SPLICESITEFINDER and experimentally observed aberrant splicing, but it does not provide the MaxEntScan result required by this VCEP rule.
Still missing
  • A MaxEntScan result for NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, evaluated using the VCEP's Figure 2 suggested threshold, is unavailable.
Sources
BP7 VCEPNot assessed: the variant is synonymous, but BP7 requires BP4 and the VCEP-required MaxEntScan no-impact result is unavailable. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is synonymous, satisfying the first applicability condition in the VCEP BP7 rule. However, the rule requires that BP7 also meet BP4, and BP4 is not assessed because the required MaxEntScan no-splice-impact result is unavailable. The available SpliceAI max delta 0.981 and the variant-specific SPLICESITEFINDER evidence cannot substitute for the VCEP-named MaxEntScan assessment.

VCEP rule
Variant is synonymous. ... Caveat: variant must also meet BP4 (i.e. no predicted impact on splicing).
Evidence considered
  • The variant is synonymous: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=).
  • The VCEP BP7 caveat makes BP4 a prerequisite; BP4 remains not assessed because no MaxEntScan result is available.
  • SpliceAI reports max delta 0.981, and PMID:18400033 reports SPLICESITEFINDER-based splice impact and aberrant splicing; these results are not a MaxEntScan no-impact assessment.
Still missing
  • BP4 must be resolved with a MaxEntScan result evaluated using the VCEP's Figure 2 suggested threshold before BP7 can be assigned.
Sources
Not applicable · 10· recorded as not applicable Show reasons ▾Hide reasons ▴
PS1 N/ANot applicable: c.621C>T is synonymous, but the VCEP PS1 rule requires a missense variant predicting the same amino-acid change. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PS1 is not applicable because the queried variant is synonymous, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=), whereas the LDLR VCEP rule is restricted to a missense variant at the same codon that predicts the same amino-acid change. The available splice-impact result does not convert this synonymous variant into a missense variant for purposes of this rule.

VCEP rule
Missense variant at the same codon as a variant classified pathogenic (by these guidelines), and predicts the same amino acid change. Caveat: there is no in silico predicted splicing impact for either variant.
Evidence considered
  • Variant assessment: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T is in exon 4 and has consequence_class synonymous, with predicted protein consequence NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=).
  • ClinGen FH VCEP Version 1.2 PS1 rule: the qualifying variant must be missense, at the same codon as a pathogenic variant, and predict the same amino-acid change.
Sources
cspec ↗pvs1_variant_assessment
PM1 N/ANot applicable: the variant is synonymous at exon 4, while the VCEP PM1 rule requires a missense variant in exon 4 or at a specified conserved cysteine. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM1 is not applicable because the LDLR VCEP specification limits this criterion to a missense variant located in exon 4 or a missense change affecting one of the specified conserved cysteine residues. Although the variant is in exon 4, c.621C>T is synonymous (p.Gly207=), so it does not meet the rule's required missense variant type. vcep_materials.json contains no LDLR domain_tables entry; no additional domain route is therefore available or needed.

VCEP rule
Missense variant located in exon 4, or a missense change in one of 60 highly conserved cysteine residues (listed in Supp. Table 4). Caveat: variant must also meet PM2.
Evidence considered
  • Variant assessment: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T is in exon 4 and has consequence_class synonymous, with predicted protein consequence NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=).
  • vcep_materials.json domain_tables for LDLR is empty; the governing PM1 rule itself specifies the applicable missense routes and requires PM2 as a caveat.
Sources
cspec ↗pvs1_variant_assessment
PM4 N/ANot applicable: c.621C>T is a synonymous single-nucleotide substitution, not a VCEP-defined in-frame deletion, insertion, or whole-exon duplication. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP PM4 rule is limited to in-frame deletions or insertions smaller than one whole exon, or in-frame whole-exon duplications, provided they are not considered in any PVS1 criteria. The submitted variant is a single-nucleotide synonymous substitution, NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, not an in-frame deletion, insertion, or whole-exon duplication. Although PMID:18400033 demonstrated that the substitution causes aberrant splicing with a secondary 75-bp in-frame deletion, the primary variant type is outside the PM4 applicability named by the VCEP. The rule's PM2 caveat is met by the gnomAD v4.1 grpmax FAF of 6.8e-7, but that does not make PM4 applicable.

VCEP rule
In-frame deletion/insertions smaller than one whole exon, or in-frame whole-exon duplications not considered in any PVS1 criteria. Caveat: variant must also meet PM2.
Evidence considered
  • The VCEP PM4 rule names only in-frame deletions or insertions smaller than one whole exon and in-frame whole-exon duplications not considered in PVS1 criteria.
  • Variant assessment identifies NM_000527.5:c.621C>T as a synonymous single-nucleotide substitution in exon 4 with p.(Gly207=).
  • PMID:18400033 shows a secondary 75-bp in-frame deletion caused by aberrant splicing, but the submitted DNA variant itself is not an in-frame deletion, insertion, or whole-exon duplication.
  • gnomAD v4.1 reports grpmax FAF 6.8e-7, satisfying the VCEP PM2 threshold of 0.0002; PM2 is not adjudicated in this group.
Sources
PM5 N/ANot applicable: c.621C>T is synonymous, but both VCEP PM5 routes require a missense variant predicting a different amino-acid change. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM5 is not applicable because both VCEP PM5 routes require the queried variant to be missense at the same codon as one or at least two pathogenic missense variants and to predict a different amino-acid change. This variant is synonymous, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=), so it cannot satisfy either route.

VCEP rule
Missense variant at a codon with ≥2 missense variants classified pathogenic (by these guidelines), and predicts a different amino acid change. ... Missense variant at the same codon as a variant classified pathogenic (by these guidelines), and predicts a different amino acid change.
Evidence considered
  • Variant assessment: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T has consequence_class synonymous and predicted protein consequence NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=).
  • The PM5 candidate artifact reports no eligible classic same-residue missense search because the queried consequence is synonymous; this agrees with the VCEP PM5 rule's missense requirement.
Sources
cspec ↗pvs1_variant_assessment
PP2 VCEPNot applicable: the VCEP excludes PP2 for this gene. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Classification Guidelines Version 1.2 marks PP2 as not applicable. The VCEP states: "Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease." NM_000527.5:c.621C>T in LDLR is a synonymous (silent) substitution predicted to produce NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=). This determination was made deterministically from the VCEP criteria specification, prior to LLM adjudication.

VCEP rule
deterministic_prefilter: vcep_not_applicable
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: synonymous (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: vcep_not_applicable
Sources
PP5 VCEPNot applicable: the LDLR FH VCEP excludes PP5 and states that it is not for use. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The LDLR FH VCEP marks PP5 as not applicable and states that the criterion is not for use as recommended by the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation VCEP Review Committee. Therefore, ClinVar or literature pathogenic assertions are not adjudicated as PP5.

VCEP rule
This criterion is not for use as recommended by the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation VCEP Review Committee.
Evidence considered
  • VCEP criteria entry for PP5: applicability is Not Applicable for this VCEP; no pathogenic-source assertion is used as PP5.
Sources
BP1 VCEPNot applicable: the VCEP excludes BP1 for this gene. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Classification Guidelines Version 1.2 marks BP1 as not applicable. NM_000527.5:c.621C>T in LDLR is a synonymous (silent) substitution predicted to produce NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=). This determination was made deterministically from the VCEP criteria specification, prior to LLM adjudication.

VCEP rule
deterministic_prefilter: vcep_not_applicable
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: synonymous (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: vcep_not_applicable
Sources
BP3 VCEPNot applicable: the VCEP excludes BP3 for this gene. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The ClinGen Familial Hypercholesterolemia Expert Panel Specifications to the ACMG/AMP Variant Classification Guidelines Version 1.2 marks BP3 as not applicable. NM_000527.5:c.621C>T in LDLR is a synonymous (silent) substitution predicted to produce NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=). This determination was made deterministically from the VCEP criteria specification, prior to LLM adjudication.

VCEP rule
deterministic_prefilter: vcep_not_applicable
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: synonymous (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: vcep_not_applicable
Sources
BP5 VCEPNot applicable: the LDLR FH VCEP excludes BP5 for this VCEP. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The LDLR FH VCEP marks BP5 as not applicable for this VCEP. No alternate-molecular-basis evidence is adjudicated under BP5, regardless of any case-level findings.

VCEP rule
Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease.
Evidence considered
  • VCEP criteria entry for BP5: applicability is Not Applicable for this VCEP; the original ACMG BP5 concept is not applied.
Sources
BP6 VCEPNot applicable: the LDLR FH VCEP excludes BP6 and states that it is not for use. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The LDLR FH VCEP marks BP6 as not applicable and states that the criterion is not for use as recommended by the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation VCEP Review Committee. Therefore, benign assertions from reputable sources are not adjudicated as BP6.

VCEP rule
This criterion is not for use as recommended by the ClinGen Sequence Variant Interpretation VCEP Review Committee.
Evidence considered
  • VCEP criteria entry for BP6: applicability is Not Applicable for this VCEP; no benign-source assertion is used as BP6.
Sources

Identifiers

Gene
LDLR
Transcript
NM_000527.5
Coding (HGVS c.)
NM_000527.5:c.621C>T
Protein (HGVS p.)
NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=)
GRCh38
chr19:11105527 C>T
GRCh37
chr19:11216203 C>T
Location and type
Exon 4 · synonymous
ClinVar
1455256, 1135993, 440617, 3747
COSMIC
COSV52944419

Gene diagram

Every interpreted variant in LDLR, mapped onto the exon structure of NM_000527.5. Select a row to find it on the plot.

LDLRNM_000527.5
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
gnomAD v4.1 4 / 1,613,612 alleles AF 2.48e-06 · 0 homozygotes · FAF 6.8e-07
gnomAD v2.1 Allele count data not recorded
gnomAD-Canada v1.0 Allele count data not recorded

By genetic ancestry

gnomAD v4.1

AF 2.5e-06 · 4 / 1,613,612 alleles · 0 hom · FAF 6.8e-07
Remaining individuals1 / 62,488 1.6e-05
European (non-Finnish)3 / 1,179,920 2.5e-06
0 alternate alleles recorded in 8 other groups: Admixed American, European (Finnish), Amish, East Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Ashkenazi Jewish, African/African American.

Statements

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 2.47891e-06; MAF= 0.00025%, 4/1613612 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the Remaining individuals population (AF= 1.60031e-05; MAF= 0.00160%, 1/62488 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 6.8e-07.

gnomAD v2.1

Absent from gnomAD v2.1.

gnomAD-Canada

Not available in gnomAD-Canada v1.0.

SpliceAI and Pangolin

SpliceAI acceptor lossat -419 bp
0.008
SpliceAI acceptor gainat -165 bp
0.037
SpliceAI donor lossat +73 bp
0.306
SpliceAI donor gainat -2 bp
0.981
Pangolin splice lossmagnitude shown
-0.359
Pangolin splice gain
0.730

Other predictors

REVEL
Not available
BayesDel
Not available

How the predictions were used

PP3 VCEPNot assessed: the VCEP requires MaxEntScan for splice-impact PP3, but only SpliceAI max delta 0.981 and SPLICESITEFINDER evidence are available. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP limits PP3 to REVEL >=0.75 for missense variants or predicted splice impact using MaxEntScan. This variant is synonymous, so the missense path does not apply. The available computational result is SpliceAI max delta 0.981, and PMID:18400033 reports a splice prediction with SPLICESITEFINDER plus aberrant splicing; neither is MaxEntScan. Because the governing rule names MaxEntScan and no MaxEntScan result or the VCEP's Figure 2 threshold application is available, PP3 cannot be assessed without substituting an ungoverned predictor.

VCEP rule
REVEL score ≥0.75 (missense variants), or predicted impact to splicing using MaxEntScan (see Fig. 2 for suggested thresholds).
Evidence considered
  • The variant is synonymous: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=), so the VCEP's missense REVEL path is not applicable.
  • SpliceAI reports DS_DG 0.981 as the maximum delta score; SpliceAI is not the predictor named by the VCEP PP3 rule and therefore is not used to assign PP3.
  • PMID:18400033 reports a splice prediction using SPLICESITEFINDER and experimentally observed aberrant splicing, but it does not provide the MaxEntScan result required by this VCEP rule.
Still missing
  • A MaxEntScan result for NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, evaluated using the VCEP's Figure 2 suggested threshold, is unavailable.
Sources
BP4 VCEPNot assessed: the VCEP requires MaxEntScan for no-splice-impact BP4, while available SpliceAI predicts impact with max delta 0.981. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The VCEP limits BP4 to REVEL <=0.5 for missense variants or no predicted splice impact using MaxEntScan. This variant is synonymous, so the missense path does not apply. The available computational result is SpliceAI max delta 0.981, which is not the predictor named by the governing rule; PMID:18400033 reports SPLICESITEFINDER-based splice impact rather than MaxEntScan. Therefore the required MaxEntScan no-impact assessment is unavailable, and BP4 cannot be assessed without applying an ungoverned predictor.

VCEP rule
REVEL score ≤0.5 (missense variants), or no predicted impact to splicing using MaxEntScan (see Fig. 2 for suggested thresholds).
Evidence considered
  • The variant is synonymous: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=), so the VCEP's missense REVEL path is not applicable.
  • SpliceAI reports DS_DG 0.981 as the maximum delta score and therefore does not provide a no-impact result; however, SpliceAI is not the predictor named by the VCEP BP4 rule and is not used to assign BP4.
  • PMID:18400033 reports a splice prediction using SPLICESITEFINDER and experimentally observed aberrant splicing, but it does not provide the MaxEntScan result required by this VCEP rule.
Still missing
  • A MaxEntScan result for NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, evaluated using the VCEP's Figure 2 suggested threshold, is unavailable.
Sources
BP7 VCEPNot assessed: the variant is synonymous, but BP7 requires BP4 and the VCEP-required MaxEntScan no-impact result is unavailable. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is synonymous, satisfying the first applicability condition in the VCEP BP7 rule. However, the rule requires that BP7 also meet BP4, and BP4 is not assessed because the required MaxEntScan no-splice-impact result is unavailable. The available SpliceAI max delta 0.981 and the variant-specific SPLICESITEFINDER evidence cannot substitute for the VCEP-named MaxEntScan assessment.

VCEP rule
Variant is synonymous. ... Caveat: variant must also meet BP4 (i.e. no predicted impact on splicing).
Evidence considered
  • The variant is synonymous: NM_000527.5:c.621C>T, NP_000518.1:p.(Gly207=).
  • The VCEP BP7 caveat makes BP4 a prerequisite; BP4 remains not assessed because no MaxEntScan result is available.
  • SpliceAI reports max delta 0.981, and PMID:18400033 reports SPLICESITEFINDER-based splice impact and aberrant splicing; these results are not a MaxEntScan no-impact assessment.
Still missing
  • BP4 must be resolved with a MaxEntScan result evaluated using the VCEP's Figure 2 suggested threshold before BP7 can be assigned.
Sources

Statement

In silico

SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.98).

9 paper records listed. 2 cited in the classification.

Cited in the classification

  • Molecular genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia: spectrum of LDL receptor gene mutations in The Netherlands.
    The paper explicitly reports the LDLR exon 4 synonymous variant C>T at nucleotide 621, designated G186G in its protein-numbering system, corresponding to c.621C>T, p.(G207=). It was identified as a new polymorphism during screening of 141 apparently unrelated heterozygous FH patients; newly identified mutations and polymorphisms occurred in only 1 or 2 individuals, so this paper does not independently meet the VCEP PS4 case-count threshold.
    → PS4 · strong Names this variant
    PMID 10735632 ↗
    Source detail
    One new polymorphism in exon 4 (C“T at 621, G186G) is also presented in Table 3.

    Location Results, ‘Identification and characterisation of new mutations’; Table 3, exon 4 row for C>T at 621 / G186G

    Context DGGE screening of all 18 LDLR exons and the promoter region in 141 apparently unrelated heterozygous FH patients, followed by direct sequencing of abnormal fragments; the Table 3 entry lists Hph+ restriction analysis.

  • Silent exonic mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene that cause familial hypercholesterolemia by affecting mRNA splicing.
    Defesche JC et al. · 2008 Jun
    The paper explicitly describes LDLR c.621C>T as the silent variant G186G, equivalent to p.G207= under precursor-protein numbering. It demonstrated creation of a cryptic 3′ splice-donor site in exon 4, aberrant splicing with a stable mRNA containing a 75-bp in-frame deletion, and loss of the corresponding 25-amino-acid segment.
    → PVS1 · very strong → PS4 · strong → PP4 · supporting Names this variant
    PMID 18400033 ↗
    Source detail
    aberrant splicing caused by G186G resulted in an in-frame deletion of 75 nucleotides and a stable mRNA

    Location Results, paragraphs 1 and 3; Table 1; Fig. 2a

    Context The variant was identified during sequencing of LDLR in 1350 clinically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia patients after exclusion of known functional LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 variants. RNA from peripheral blood was reverse-transcribed, exon 4 cDNA was PCR-amplified, and products were analyzed by agarose-gel electrophoresis.

Other recorded publications

  • Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 15177124 ↗
  • The epidermal growth factor homology domain of the LDL receptor drives lipoprotein release through an allosteric mechanism involving H190, H562, and H586.
    Zhao Z et al. · 2008
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 18677035 ↗
  • Cardiovascular risk in relation to functionality of sequence variants in the gene coding for the low-density lipoprotein receptor: a study among 29,365 individuals tested for 64 specific low-density lipoprotein-receptor sequence variants.
    Huijgen R et al. · 2012
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 22390909 ↗
  • Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 25741868 ↗
  • Functional Analysis of LDLR (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor) Variants in Patient Lymphocytes to Assess the Effect of Evinacumab in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia Patients With a Spectrum of LDLR Activity.
    Banerjee P et al. · 2019
    The paper reports reduced LDLR activity for variants identified in nine patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia using patient lymphocyte assays and selected assays in LDLR-deficient CHO-ldlA7 cells. It does not mention or test LDLR c.621C>T or p.G207=, so its functional results cannot be attributed to this variant.
    Does not name this variant
    PMID 31578082 ↗
    Quoted passage
    Mutations identified from the patients were shown to have loss of LDLR activity versus wild-type because of either defective endoplasmic reticulum transport or impaired LDL-cholesterol binding activity.

    Highlights; Results, “Functional In vitro Characterization of the Point Mutations and Frameshift LDLR Variants Present in the HoFH Patients”

  • Limited-Variant Screening vs Comprehensive Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia Diagnosis.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 34037665 ↗
  • INTERIM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 22364837 ↗

Screenshots represent source records captured during evidence collection. Select one to view the recorded source content.

All source links

Statements for reports

The evidence statements recorded by the interpretation pipeline. They have not been reinterpreted by the page.

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 2.47891e-06; MAF= 0.00025%, 4/1613612 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the Remaining individuals population (AF= 1.60031e-05; MAF= 0.00160%, 1/62488 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 6.8e-07.

gnomAD v2.1

Absent from gnomAD v2.1.

gnomAD-Canada

Not available in gnomAD-Canada v1.0.

ClinVar

This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (10 clinical laboratories) and as Likely pathogenic (1 clinical laboratory). (ClinVarID = 3747)

In silico

SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.98).

Somatic

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV52944419, n = 1 times).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.