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Variant interpretation report

SERPINA1 c.863A>T, p.Glu288Val

NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val) Missense · exon 5 View identifiers
Classification
Benign

Variant description:

The SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T (NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val)) missense variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV63345500, n = 1 time). Based on available guidelines, this variant is considered to be Benign.

Five-step scale from benign to pathogenic. This variant is benign. Select a step to read what it means.

Benign.A benign classification under the recorded framework.

In plain language

Gene-level background from the recorded interpretation.

About SERPINA1

SERPINA1 encodes alpha-1 antitrypsin, a serine protease inhibitor made mainly in the liver that helps control enzymes such as elastase, trypsin, and thrombin. Changes in this gene are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and chronic liver disease. No established role in cancer is indicated.

LYFE Sciences is an AI system, and it can make mistakes. Criteria may be applied incorrectly, sources may be misread, and a confident-looking classification can still be wrong. Double-check every criterion and its underlying evidence before relying on any call.
01The reasoning

How it was classified

The recorded framework is Generic ACMG/AMP 2015 with ClinGen SVI recommendations. The criteria and strengths shown below come from the saved assessment; this page does not recalculate the classification.

Recorded applied criteria

The applied criteria and their strengths are shown as assessed under the stated framework.

Pathogenic evidence criteria: 2 Benign evidence criteria: 1
Pathogenic criteria applied · 2
PS1Strong
PS1 · strong

Met: the established SERPINA1 PiS allele is the same Glu-to-Val substitution, reported as mature-protein Glu264Val versus precursor Glu288Val here.

PP3Supporting
PP3 · supporting

Met at supporting strength: REVEL 0.692 exceeds the generic PP3 supporting threshold of 0.644 for this missense variant.

Benign criteria applied · 1
BA1Stand alone
BA1 · stand alone

Met: Amish gnomAD v4.1 frequency is 12.61% (115/912 alleles), exceeding the generic BA1 >=5% threshold despite lower all-comers frequency.

Recorded classification: Benign

Benign: BA1 stand-alone benign is met; PS1 strong plus PP3 supporting does not satisfy a pathogenic combination under generic ACMG/AMP rules.

02The sources

Evidence at a glance

Evidence summaries and captured source records, where available. Missing entries should not be interpreted as negative findings.

gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD v2.1
Population frequency
58,691 / 1,614,182 alleles

gnomAD v4.1: 58,691 / 1,614,182 alleles. Recorded AF 0.0363596. Recorded homozygote count 1342.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.0233536; MAF= 2.33536%, 6606/282868 alleles, homozygotes = 143) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 0.0366786; MAF= 3.66786%, 4738/129176 alleles, homozygotes = 117); grpmax FAF= 0.0356068.

gnomAD-Canada

This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.035237267890107504, 649/18418 alleles, homozygotes = 16).

No screenshot for this evidence
REVEL score
0.692 recorded score

Recorded REVEL score: 0.692. Refer to the recorded PP3/BP4 rationale for interpretation.

ClinVar submissions
27 reported laboratory submissions

23 Pathogenic · 1 Uncertain significance · 1 Pathogenic, low penetrance · 1 other · 1 pathogenic. ClinVar API review status: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts.

Context only ClinVar ↗
No screenshot for this evidence
Functional evidence
Not recorded

No standalone functional evidence summary is recorded in evidence_summary.functional.

No listed criterion applied OncoKB ↗
COSMIC
Cancer Hotspots
Somatic evidence
1 recorded samples

This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV63345500, n = 1 times).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.

For specialists

Technical detail

ACMG/AMP criteria under Generic ACMG/AMP 2015 with ClinGen SVI recommendations, with the data and sources behind each one.

28 criteria with recorded statuses: 3 met · 4 not met · 16 not assessed · 5 not applicable. Open any row for the full reasoning, the rule and the evidence behind it.

Met Not met Not assessed Not applicable

No VCEP covers SERPINA1 in this case, so the generic ACMG/AMP rules govern.

The exact variant is common in gnomAD, but that population frequency does not replace the variant-specific affected-versus-control comparison required for PS4.

ClinVar's laboratory and aggregate assertions do not satisfy the exact-variant expert-panel requirement applied here for PP5 or BP6.

No VCEP covers SERPINA1, so generic ACMG/AMP rules with the supplied ClinGen SVI thresholds govern.

The variant is missense, so PP3 and BP4 use exactly one computational path: REVEL; SpliceAI is not used for either criterion.

REVEL 0.692 meets the generic PP3 supporting threshold of >= 0.644 but does not meet the generic BP4 supporting threshold of <= 0.29.

Met · 3

PS1 StrongACMG_2015Met: the established SERPINA1 PiS allele is the same Glu-to-Val substitution, reported as mature-protein Glu264Val versus precursor Glu288Val here. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The queried variant is NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val), corresponding to the mature-protein numbering p.Glu264Val used for the established SERPINA1 PiS allele. Matamala et al. explicitly introduced the S (Glu264Val) change into SERPINA1 expression constructs and described S among the pathological SERPINA1 variants associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. This is the same amino-acid substitution, not merely an alternate change at the same residue; no splice-specific interpretation is needed for this missense substitution.

Rule
Same amino acid change as a previously established pathogenic variant regardless of nucleotide change. ... Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level.
Evidence considered
  • Matamala et al. 2017, expression-plasmid methods: the PiS construct contained the S (Glu264Val) change; this is equivalent to the queried precursor-protein p.Glu288Val after the 24-residue signal peptide.
  • Matamala et al. 2017, Introduction: S is listed among the pathological SERPINA1 variants in the context of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Sources
PP3 SupportingACMGMet at supporting strength: REVEL 0.692 exceeds the generic PP3 supporting threshold of 0.644 for this missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T, p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV. Under the generic missense path, PP3 is evaluated with REVEL only; the SpliceAI score is not used for a missense PP3/BP4 decision. The REVEL score is 0.692, which meets the supplied generic ClinGen SVI supporting PP3 threshold of >= 0.644 (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997). Therefore PP3 is met at supporting strength. BayesDel is not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established for it, and the SpliceAI prediction is not double-counted on the missense path.

Rule
PP3 (supporting): >= 0.644 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Variant consequence: NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T produces NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV; the generic missense path uses REVEL only.
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: score = 0.692.
  • Generic ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet, PMID:36413997): PP3 supporting threshold >= 0.644; REVEL 0.692 meets this threshold.
  • SpliceAI max delta score = 0.688 was not used for PP3 because splice prediction is not the applicable path for a missense variant; BayesDel score = 0.0191118 was not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established.
Sources
revel
BA1 Stand aloneACMGMet: Amish gnomAD v4.1 frequency is 12.61% (115/912 alleles), exceeding the generic BA1 >=5% threshold despite lower all-comers frequency. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BA1 is met because the variant has an observed allele frequency of 0.126096 (115/912 alleles; 9 homozygotes) in the Amish population in gnomAD v4.1, exceeding the generic stand-alone threshold of >=0.05. The all-comers gnomAD v4.1 frequency is 0.0363596 and grpmax FAF is 0.0443425, both below 5%, so the BA1 call depends on the documented Amish ancestry-specific frequency; the small ancestry sample and the known reduced-penetrance alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype warrant human review. The variant is an SNV, so the indel calling caveat does not apply.

Rule
Allele frequency is above 5% in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes or Exome Aggregation Consortium.
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1: overall AF 0.0363596 (58691/1614182 alleles; 1342 homozygotes), grpmax FAF 0.0443425, and Amish AF 0.12609649122807018 (115/912 alleles; 9 homozygotes).
  • Generic calibration supplied for this case: BA1 stand-alone threshold >=0.05, attributed in the governing prompt to ACMG/AMP 2015 (PMID:25741868).
Still missing
  • The Amish subgroup is small (912 alleles), and the ancestry-specific BA1 application should be confirmed by a human reviewer given the known reduced-penetrance phenotype.
Sources

Not met · 4 · evaluated, threshold not reached

PM2 ACMG_2015Not met: non-cancer gnomAD frequencies are 2.27% in v2.1 exomes and 2.86% in v3.1 genomes, far above the PM2 <=0.01% threshold. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM2 is not met because the variant is common in population controls rather than absent or extremely rare. The preferred non-cancer subsets show AF 0.0227311 (5386/236944 alleles; 119 homozygotes) in gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes and AF 0.0286054 (4232/147944 alleles; 102 homozygotes) in gnomAD v3.1 non-cancer genomes; the default all-comers datasets are also high at AF 0.0233536 in gnomAD v2.1 and AF 0.0363596 in gnomAD v4.1. These values all greatly exceed the generic PM2 supporting threshold of <=0.0001.

Rule
Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes or Exome Aggregation Consortium.
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes: AF 0.022731109460463233 (5386/236944 alleles; 119 homozygotes).
  • gnomAD v3.1 non-cancer genomes: AF 0.028605418266371058 (4232/147944 alleles; 102 homozygotes); no v3 exome cohort is available.
  • Default all-comers data are also incompatible with PM2: gnomAD v2.1 AF 0.023353649051854577 and gnomAD v4.1 AF 0.036359592660555.
  • Generic calibration supplied for this case: PM2 supporting threshold <=0.0001, attributed in the governing prompt to ClinGen SVI guidance (PMID:25741868).
Sources
PP5 ACMG_2015Not met: ClinVar shows laboratory and aggregate Pathogenic assertions but no exact-variant expert-panel classification qualifying for PP5. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PP5 is not met because the available exact-variant ClinVar record has no expert-panel submission and is reported as criteria-provided laboratory submissions and aggregate classifications. The record's 23 laboratory Pathogenic submissions are not a reputable source meeting the required independent-evaluation exception, and no paper reviewed in this group provides a qualifying reputable exact-variant pathogenic report whose evidence is unavailable for independent evaluation.

Rule
Reputable source recently reports variant as pathogenic, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Evidence considered
  • ClinVar variation 17969 identifies NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) and reports Pathogenic overall, but its review status is criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts; expert_panels is empty and expert_panel_submissions is 0.
  • ClinVar summarizes 23 clinical-laboratory Pathogenic submissions, plus other non-expert assertions; these are not exact-variant expert-panel evidence.
Sources
BP4 ACMGNot met: REVEL 0.692 is above the generic BP4 supporting threshold of 0.29, and SpliceAI cannot substitute for the missense REVEL path. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T, p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV. Under the generic missense path, BP4 is evaluated with REVEL only; the SpliceAI score is not used to establish BP4 for a missense variant. The REVEL score is 0.692, which is above the supplied generic BP4 supporting threshold of <= 0.29 (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997), so BP4 is not met. The score is not a benign BP4 result, and the SpliceAI max delta score of 0.688 cannot substitute for the applicable REVEL path. BayesDel is not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established for it.

Rule
BP4 (supporting): <= 0.29 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Variant consequence: NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T produces NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV; the generic missense path uses REVEL only.
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: score = 0.692.
  • Generic ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet, PMID:36413997): BP4 supporting threshold <= 0.29; REVEL 0.692 does not meet this threshold.
  • SpliceAI max delta score = 0.688 was not used because a splice prediction cannot provide BP4 support for a missense variant; BayesDel score = 0.0191118 was not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established.
Sources
revel
BP6 ACMG_2015Not met: no exact-variant expert-panel Benign or Likely benign classification is present; ClinVar's available classification is Pathogenic. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP6 is not met because the exact-variant ClinVar record contains no expert-panel benign or likely-benign classification. Instead, it reports an overall Pathogenic classification with laboratory submissions and no expert-panel submissions; no reviewed source provides a qualifying reputable exact-variant benign report whose evidence is unavailable for independent evaluation.

Rule
Reputable source recently reports variant as benign, but the evidence is not available to the laboratory to perform an independent evaluation.
Evidence considered
  • ClinVar variation 17969 reports the exact variant as Pathogenic overall, with criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts; expert_panels is empty and expert_panel_submissions is 0.
  • The ClinVar submission summary contains no Benign or Likely benign expert-panel assertion.
Sources

Not assessed · 16 · no assessment recorded

PS2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No parental testing or de novo observation is documented, so confirmed maternity and paternity cannot be evaluated. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PS2 cannot be assessed because the available evidence does not document a proband-level de novo observation, disease phenotype, absence of family history, or confirmed maternity and paternity. In particular, no parental testing results or parentage confirmation are available to establish that the variant arose de novo.

Rule
De novo (both maternity and paternity confirmed) in a patient with the disease and no family history.
Evidence considered
  • No proband-level parental testing, parentage confirmation, or documented de novo event was available.
  • The variant's ClinVar classifications were not used to infer de novo status.
Still missing
  • Proband-level clinical phenotype and disease diagnosis
  • Variant testing results for the biological mother
  • Variant testing results for the biological father
  • Confirmed maternity and paternity
  • Documented absence of family history
PS3 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no available paper reports a validated functional assay of SERPINA1 c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val). Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No variant-specific, validated in vitro or in vivo functional assay for SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) was identified in the available evidence. PMID:29232161 experimentally characterized other SERPINA1 missense variants but did not mention this variant; PMID:26141072 and PMID:6602622 evaluated PiSZ clinical phenotypes rather than the queried substitution in a functional assay. Therefore the evidence does not establish PS3 at any strength, but the criterion is not assessed rather than considered not met because absence of an identified assay is not evidence against a damaging effect.

Rule
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:29232161: Characterized seven other SERPINA1 missense variants using HEK293T overexpression, secretion, polymerization, elastase-inhibition, degradation, and structural assays; c.863A>T/p.Glu288Val was not mentioned.
  • PMID:26141072: Observational comparison of PiZZ, PiSZ, and PiMM cohorts; it did not test SERPINA1 c.863A>T/p.Glu288Val in a functional assay.
  • PMID:6602622: Multicentre clinical and physiological survey of 25 PiSZ heterozygotes; it did not test SERPINA1 c.863A>T/p.Glu288Val in a functional assay.
Still missing
  • A variant-specific, well-established in vitro or in vivo functional study with appropriate controls and a biologically relevant assay is needed to assess PS3.
Sources
PS4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no variant-specific affected-versus-control counts, odds ratio, relative risk, or confidence interval are available to evaluate PS4. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The governing PS4 rule requires a significantly increased prevalence in affected individuals versus controls; the supplied literature contains no variant-specific case-control counts, affected-versus-unaffected comparison, odds ratio, relative risk, or confidence interval for SERPINA1 c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val). The papers indexed for PS4 were verified through their available extracts: PMID:26141072 and PMID:6602622 study PiSZ/PiSZ-related cohorts but do not mention this exact variant, and literature_pass.json has no packet.ai_classified_papers entries. Therefore the PS4 threshold cannot be evaluated. The exact variant is common in gnomAD, but population frequency alone is not a case-control comparison and does not supply the required affected-case prevalence.

Rule
The prevalence of the variant in affected individuals is significantly increased compared to the prevalence in controls. ... Relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR), as obtained from case-control studies, is >5.0 and the confidence interval around the estimate of RR or OR does not include 1.0.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:26141072 was checked for the PS4 lead: its 699 PiZZ, 126 PiSZ, and 316 PiMM observational cohort does not name SERPINA1 c.863A>T or p.Glu288Val and provides no variant-specific case-control comparison.
  • PMID:6602622 was checked for the PS4 lead: its multicentre survey of 25 PiSZ heterozygotes does not identify c.863A>T or p.Glu288Val and provides no variant-specific affected-versus-control counts.
  • literature_pass.json records an empty packet.ai_classified_papers list; the PS4-indexed papers therefore provide no already-classified variant-specific PS4 evidence.
  • gnomAD v4.1 reports the variant at AF 0.0363596 overall and 0.0443425 maximum group AF; these are population frequencies, not affected-case/control prevalence data.
Still missing
  • Variant-specific affected-case and unaffected/control counts or frequencies
  • A calculable odds ratio or relative risk with a 95% confidence interval
Sources
PM1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no approved SERPINA1 domain or hotspot evidence establishes that residue 288 lies in a critical region without benign variation. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No VCEP specification or authoritative domain table is available for SERPINA1. The case evidence reports no statistically significant Cancer Hotspots result for SERPINA1 E288, and the supplied evidence does not establish that residue 288 lies in a generic ACMG critical functional domain that lacks benign variation. Therefore PM1 cannot be adjudicated from the available evidence.

Rule
Located in a mutational hot spot and/or critical and well-established functional domain (e.g. active site of an enzyme) without benign variation.
Evidence considered
  • Cancer Hotspots query SERPINA1 E288: no result; the evidence record states that the variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
  • vcep_materials.json: no VCEP criteria specification and domain_tables is empty for SERPINA1.
Still missing
  • A source establishing a qualifying SERPINA1 critical functional domain or mutational hotspot containing residue 288 and lacking benign variation.
Sources
PM3 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No affected-proband observation or parental/offspring testing demonstrates this variant in trans with a pathogenic variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM3 cannot be assessed. The available evidence does not document an affected proband with NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) in trans with a pathogenic variant, and no parental or offspring testing establishes phase. ClinVar classifications and population observations do not establish trans phase or provide an affected-proband allelic observation.

Rule
For recessive disorders, detected in trans with a pathogenic variant ... Note: This requires testing of parents (or offspring) to determine phase.
Evidence considered
  • No affected-proband case with a documented second pathogenic SERPINA1 variant and confirmed trans phase was available.
  • No parental or offspring genotype results were available to establish phase.
  • The literature extracts reviewed did not identify NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) or provide variant-specific allelic observations.
  • ClinVar classification and gnomAD frequency data were not used to infer trans phase or PM3 evidence.
Still missing
  • An affected proband with a defined SERPINA1-related disorder
  • A second pathogenic or likely pathogenic SERPINA1 variant in the same proband
  • Parental or offspring testing establishing that the variants are in trans
  • Variant-specific clinical documentation linking the phase observation to disease
PM5 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no different pathogenic missense substitution at residue 288 is documented, while the known PiS change is the same substitution and belongs under PS1. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The available evidence confirms the same Glu-to-Val substitution as the established PiS allele, which supports PS1, but does not identify a different pathogenic missense substitution at residue 288. The PM5 candidate artifact contains no comparator candidates and explicitly does not confirm classic same-residue PM5 semantics. A different pathogenic missense change at Glu288 is therefore not established.

Rule
Novel missense change at an amino acid residue where a different missense change determined to be pathogenic has been seen before. ... Caveat: Beware of changes that impact splicing rather than at the amino acid/protein level.
Evidence considered
  • pm5_candidates.json: zero same-residue candidates and no confirmed classic PM5 comparator.
  • PMID:29232161: documents the S (Glu264Val, equivalent to precursor Glu288Val) substitution, which is the same amino-acid change rather than a different change at the residue.
Still missing
  • A documented different missense substitution at Glu288 with reliable evidence establishing pathogenicity.
Sources
pm5_candidatesPMID:29232161 ↗
PM6 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No assumed de novo occurrence or parental genotype data are documented for this proband. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM6 cannot be assessed because the available evidence does not document an assumed de novo variant in the proband. There are no reported parental genotypes, family-history details, or case-level data establishing de novo occurrence without maternity and paternity confirmation.

Rule
Assumed de novo, but without confirmation of paternity and maternity.
Evidence considered
  • No case-level evidence of assumed de novo occurrence without confirmed maternity and paternity was available.
  • The variant's ClinVar classifications were not used to infer de novo status.
Still missing
  • A documented de novo observation or explicit clinical assertion of assumed de novo status
  • Variant testing results for one or both parents
  • Proband-level phenotype and disease diagnosis
  • Family-history information
PP1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No affected relatives or variant-specific co-segregation observations are documented for informative family meioses. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PP1 cannot be assessed because no affected family members, informative meioses, genotype results, or co-segregation observations are documented. The available literature extracts concern general SERPINA1 disease or unrelated variants and do not provide variant-specific family segregation for c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val).

Rule
Co-segregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease.
Evidence considered
  • No affected-relative genotypes, phenotype assessments, or informative meioses were available.
  • Reviewed literature extracts did not mention SERPINA1 c.863A>T or p.Glu288Val in a segregation study.
Still missing
  • Affected relatives with a defined disease phenotype
  • Variant genotypes for affected and unaffected relatives
  • Number of informative meioses
  • Variant-specific co-segregation observations
PP2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: the available evidence lacks gene-wide measures for benign missense rate and the required common missense disease mechanism. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The case evidence does not provide a gene-wide estimate establishing both a low rate of benign missense variation and missense variants as a common disease mechanism for SERPINA1. A high population frequency for this particular variant and descriptions of individual SERPINA1 missense alleles cannot by themselves establish both PP2 requirements.

Rule
Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.
Evidence considered
  • The available gnomAD records describe the queried variant's population frequency but do not provide the gene-wide benign-missense-rate assessment required for PP2.
  • PMID:29232161 documents individual SERPINA1 missense variants but does not establish the gene-wide PP2 criterion.
Still missing
  • Gene-level evidence demonstrating a low benign missense rate and that missense variation is a common SERPINA1 disease mechanism.
Sources
PP4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no patient-specific phenotype or family history is available to determine whether the presentation is highly disease-specific. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No patient-specific phenotype, family history, or clinical presentation for the queried case is supplied in the evidence bundle. General SERPINA1 PiSZ cohort descriptions in PMID:26141072 and PMID:6602622 are not specific to this exact variant and cannot establish that this patient's phenotype is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology. Accordingly, PP4 cannot be adjudicated.

Rule
Patient’s phenotype or family history is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.
Evidence considered
  • The available PMID:26141072 extract describes PiSZ cohort phenotypes but explicitly states that the findings cannot be assigned specifically to the queried variant or patient.
  • The available PMID:6602622 extract describes a historical PiSZ survey, not the queried patient's phenotype or family history.
Still missing
  • Patient-specific clinical phenotype and family history
  • Evidence that the phenotype is highly specific for a single-genetic-etiology disease
Sources
BS1 ACMGNot assessed: frequency reaches 12.61% in Amish individuals, but prevalence, penetrance, and allelic-heterogeneity inputs for a maximum-credible-frequency calculation are unavailable. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS1 is not assessed. The observed frequency is high (gnomAD v4.1 overall AF 0.0363596; European non-Finnish AF 0.0446621; Amish AF 0.126096), but the prompt requires a maximum-credible-allele-frequency assessment before using the 1% default. No disorder prevalence, penetrance, allelic heterogeneity, or other inputs sufficient for a Whiffin et al. (2017) maximum-credible-frequency calculation are available here. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is represented as reduced penetrance/late-onset in the case evidence, so the default 1% threshold alone is not sufficient.

Rule
Allele frequency is greater than expected for disorder.
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v2.1: overall AF 0.0233536 and European non-Finnish AF 0.0366786; gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes AF 0.0227311 and European non-Finnish AF 0.0365684.
  • gnomAD v4.1: overall AF 0.0363596, European non-Finnish AF 0.0446621, and Amish AF 0.12609649122807018.
  • The case evidence includes a ClinVar submission labeled 'Pathogenic, low penetrance'; this supports caution against applying the generic 1% BS1 default without a disorder-specific calculation.
  • Whiffin et al. 2017 maximum credible allele-frequency framework is the required calculation approach (PMID:28518168), but its necessary clinical inputs are unavailable.
Still missing
  • Disease prevalence, penetrance, inheritance model, allelic heterogeneity, and the maximum-credible-frequency calculation inputs are missing.
Sources
BS3 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no available paper reports a validated functional assay showing preserved function for SERPINA1 c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val). Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No variant-specific, validated in vitro or in vivo functional assay for SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) was identified in the available evidence. PMID:29232161 experimentally characterized other SERPINA1 missense variants but did not mention this variant; PMID:26141072 and PMID:6602622 evaluated PiSZ clinical phenotypes rather than demonstrating preserved function of the queried substitution. Therefore the evidence does not establish BS3 at any strength, but the criterion is not assessed rather than considered not met because absence of an identified assay is not evidence for a benign functional effect.

Rule
Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies show no damaging effect on protein function or splicing.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:29232161: Functional assays were performed on other SERPINA1 missense variants, not on c.863A>T/p.Glu288Val, so the study cannot establish preserved function for this variant.
  • PMID:26141072: PiSZ clinical phenotype and prognosis study; no variant-specific functional assay demonstrated preserved protein function or splicing.
  • PMID:6602622: PiSZ clinical and physiological survey; no variant-specific functional assay demonstrated preserved protein function or splicing.
Still missing
  • A variant-specific, well-established in vitro or in vivo functional study showing no damaging effect on protein function or splicing is needed to assess BS3.
Sources
BS4 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No affected family members with documented negative variant testing are available to establish lack of segregation. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS4 cannot be assessed because no family containing affected members with documented negative variant testing is described. There is therefore no variant-specific non-segregation observation to distinguish lack of segregation from phenocopy, variable expressivity, incomplete ascertainment, or another cause of an apparently discordant phenotype.

Rule
Lack of segregation in affected members of a family.
Evidence considered
  • No affected family members with negative testing or other variant-specific non-segregation data were available.
  • No family-level information was available to evaluate phenocopies or an additional pathogenic variant.
Still missing
  • A family with affected members assessed for the variant
  • Variant test results in affected family members
  • Reliable affected-member phenotype diagnoses
  • Assessment for phenocopies and alternative familial pathogenic variants
BP1 ACMG_2015Not assessed: missense SERPINA1 disease alleles are documented, but the evidence does not quantify whether truncating variants primarily cause disease. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The case evidence does not establish that SERPINA1-related disease is caused primarily by truncating variants. It documents missense disease-associated SERPINA1 alleles, including PiS, but that observation alone is not a complete gene-level comparison of truncating versus missense disease mechanisms. BP1 therefore cannot be adjudicated definitively from the available evidence.

Rule
Missense variant in a gene for which primarily truncating variants are known to cause disease.
Evidence considered
  • PMID:29232161: the paper discusses established missense SERPINA1 alleles PiS and PiZ and experimentally studies additional missense variants, but does not establish the gene-wide predominance of truncating disease variants.
Still missing
  • Gene-level evidence comparing the disease contribution of truncating and missense SERPINA1 variants.
Sources
BP2 ACMG_2015Not assessed: No proband-level phase testing demonstrates this variant in trans or cis with another pathogenic variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP2 cannot be assessed. The available evidence does not document this variant in trans with a pathogenic variant in a fully penetrant dominant disorder, or in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern. No proband-level phase testing, family genotypes, or variant-specific cis/trans observation is available.

Rule
Observed in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant gene/disorder or observed in cis with a pathogenic variant in any inheritance pattern.
Evidence considered
  • No variant-specific observation in trans with a pathogenic variant for a fully penetrant dominant disorder was available.
  • No variant-specific observation in cis with a pathogenic variant was available.
  • No parental, offspring, or other phase-informative genotype data were available.
  • The literature extracts reviewed did not identify NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) or provide cis/trans observations.
Still missing
  • A defined fully penetrant dominant SERPINA1 disorder if evaluating the trans pathway
  • A pathogenic variant observed with NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T in the same individual
  • Parental, offspring, or other phase-informative testing establishing cis or trans configuration
  • Variant-specific clinical documentation supporting the relevant BP2 pathway
BP5 ACMG_2015Not assessed: no specific case documents this variant alongside an alternate molecular basis for the disease. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

No evidence in the supplied case materials documents that SERPINA1 c.863A>T was found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease. The available PiSZ cohort papers do not mention this exact variant, and the ClinVar record supplies classifications and conditions rather than a documented alternate molecular diagnosis in a specific case. BP5 therefore cannot be adjudicated from the available evidence.

Rule
Variant found in a case with an alternate molecular basis for disease.
Evidence considered
  • The ClinVar record lists multiple condition labels and laboratory assertions but does not document a case-level alternate molecular diagnosis for this variant.
  • PMID:26141072 and PMID:6602622 do not mention the exact c.863A>T or p.Glu288Val variant and therefore cannot establish BP5.
Still missing
  • A case-level report linking the variant to an affected individual with a confirmed alternate molecular basis
Sources
Not applicable · 5· recorded as not applicable Show reasons ▾Hide reasons ▴
PVS1 N/ANot applicable: PVS1 requires a null variant (nonsense, frameshift, canonical splice, start-loss or stop-loss), and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PVS1 (ClinGen SVI PVS1 recommendations, PMC6185798, pvs1_generic_framework) applies only to null variant classes — nonsense, frameshift, canonical ±1/2 splice-consensus, translation-initiation-codon loss, and stop-loss variants — each expected to trigger nonsense-mediated decay or otherwise abolish normal protein function. NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T in SERPINA1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val). As a result, no null-variant mechanism (nonsense-mediated decay, truncation, or canonical splice disruption) is triggered by this variant class, so PVS1's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers PVS1 for SERPINA1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_null_variant_class
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
PM4 N/ANot applicable: PM4 requires a protein-length change, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

PM4 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) applies to protein length changes: in-frame insertions/deletions in a non-repetitive region, or stop-loss variants that extend the protein past the reference stop codon. NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T in SERPINA1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val). As a result, no change in protein length occurs, so there is nothing for this criterion to evaluate, so PM4's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers PM4 for SERPINA1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_stop_loss_or_nonrepeat_indel
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
BS2 N/ANot applicable: gnomAD shows 1,342 homozygotes, but BS2 requires healthy adults with full early-age penetrance, which does not fit this reduced-penetrance late-onset disorder. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BS2 is not applicable because the governing definition requires observation in a healthy adult with full penetrance expected at an early age. The available population data show 1342 homozygotes in gnomAD v4.1, 143 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1, 119 homozygotes in gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes, and 102 homozygotes in gnomAD v3.1 non-cancer genomes, but gnomAD population records do not establish that these individuals are phenotypically healthy adults or that this late-onset/reduced-penetrance alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotype should be fully penetrant early in life.

Rule
Observed in a healthy adult individual for a recessive (homozygous), dominant (heterozygous), or X-linked (hemizygous) disorder, with full penetrance expected at an early age.
Evidence considered
  • gnomAD v4.1 reports 1342 homozygotes; gnomAD v2.1 reports 143 homozygotes; gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes report 119 homozygotes; gnomAD v3.1 non-cancer genomes report 102 homozygotes.
  • Population database homozygote counts do not provide the healthy-adult and early full-penetrance facts required by BS2.
Sources
BP3 N/ANot applicable: BP3 requires an in-frame indel in a repeat region, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP3 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) applies to in-frame insertions/deletions located in a repetitive region without a known function. NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T in SERPINA1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val). As a result, the variant does not alter protein length within a repeat region, so there is nothing for this criterion to evaluate, so BP3's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP3 for SERPINA1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_repeat_region_indel
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
pvs1_generic_framework ↗generic_acmg_combination_rules
BP7 N/ANot applicable: BP7 requires a synonymous variant, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP7 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) is defined for a synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence and the nucleotide is not highly conserved. NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T in SERPINA1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val). As a result, the encoded protein sequence is altered, so the criterion's silent-variant premise does not hold regardless of any splicing prediction, so BP7's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP7 for SERPINA1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_synonymous
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
generic_acmg_combination_rules

Identifiers

Gene
SERPINA1
Transcript
NM_001127701.1
Coding (HGVS c.)
NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T
Protein (HGVS p.)
NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val)
GRCh38
chr14:94380925 T>A
GRCh37
chr14:94847262 T>A
Location and type
Exon 5 · missense
ClinVar
626305, 440501, 440500, 17969
COSMIC
COSV63345500

Gene diagram

Every interpreted variant in SERPINA1, mapped onto the exon structure of NM_001127701.1. Select a row to find it on the plot.

SERPINA1NM_001127701.1
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
gnomAD v4.1 58,691 / 1,614,182 alleles AF 0.0364 · 1342 homozygotes · FAF 0.0443
gnomAD v2.1 6,606 / 282,868 alleles AF 0.0234 · 143 homozygotes · FAF 0.0356
gnomAD-Canada v1.0 Allele count data not recorded

By genetic ancestry

gnomAD v4.1

AF 0.036 · 58691 / 1,614,182 alleles · 1342 hom · FAF 0.044
Amish115 / 912 0.139 hom
European (non-Finnish)52701 / 1,179,994 0.0451229 hom
Admixed American2287 / 60,016 0.03854 hom
Remaining individuals2054 / 62,504 0.03339 hom
Ashkenazi Jewish402 / 29,606 0.0144 hom
European (Finnish)537 / 64,046 0.00845 hom
African/African American580 / 75,070 0.00772 hom
Middle Eastern7 / 6,062 0.0012
South Asian6 / 91,086 6.6e-05
East Asian2 / 44,886 4.5e-05

gnomAD v2.1

AF 0.023 · 6606 / 282,868 alleles · 143 hom · FAF 0.036
European (non-Finnish)4738 / 129,176 0.037117 hom
Remaining individuals236 / 7,222 0.0333 hom
Admixed American1074 / 35,440 0.0318 hom
Ashkenazi Jewish144 / 10,370 0.0143 hom
European (Finnish)210 / 25,122 0.00841 hom
African/African American203 / 24,968 0.00811 hom
East Asian1 / 19,954 5e-05
0 alternate alleles recorded in 1 other group: South Asian.

gnomAD-Canada

AF not recorded · ? / ? alleles

Statements

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 0.0363596; MAF= 3.63596%, 58691/1614182 alleles, homozygotes = 1342) and has highest observed frequency in the Amish population (AF= 0.126096; MAF= 12.60965%, 115/912 alleles, homozygotes = 9); grpmax FAF= 0.0443425.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.0233536; MAF= 2.33536%, 6606/282868 alleles, homozygotes = 143) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 0.0366786; MAF= 3.66786%, 4738/129176 alleles, homozygotes = 117); grpmax FAF= 0.0356068.

gnomAD-Canada

This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.035237267890107504, 649/18418 alleles, homozygotes = 16).

Open the gnomAD-Canada detail page →

SpliceAI and Pangolin

SpliceAI acceptor lossat -203 bp
0.002
SpliceAI acceptor gainat -339 bp
0.000
SpliceAI donor lossat -54 bp
0.004
SpliceAI donor gainat +2 bp
0.688
Pangolin splice lossmagnitude shown
-0.100
Pangolin splice gain
0.164

Other predictors

REVEL
0.692
BayesDel
0.019

How the predictions were used

PP3 SupportingACMGMet at supporting strength: REVEL 0.692 exceeds the generic PP3 supporting threshold of 0.644 for this missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T, p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV. Under the generic missense path, PP3 is evaluated with REVEL only; the SpliceAI score is not used for a missense PP3/BP4 decision. The REVEL score is 0.692, which meets the supplied generic ClinGen SVI supporting PP3 threshold of >= 0.644 (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997). Therefore PP3 is met at supporting strength. BayesDel is not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established for it, and the SpliceAI prediction is not double-counted on the missense path.

Rule
PP3 (supporting): >= 0.644 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Variant consequence: NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T produces NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV; the generic missense path uses REVEL only.
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: score = 0.692.
  • Generic ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet, PMID:36413997): PP3 supporting threshold >= 0.644; REVEL 0.692 meets this threshold.
  • SpliceAI max delta score = 0.688 was not used for PP3 because splice prediction is not the applicable path for a missense variant; BayesDel score = 0.0191118 was not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established.
Sources
revel
BP4 ACMGNot met: REVEL 0.692 is above the generic BP4 supporting threshold of 0.29, and SpliceAI cannot substitute for the missense REVEL path. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

The variant is NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T, p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV. Under the generic missense path, BP4 is evaluated with REVEL only; the SpliceAI score is not used to establish BP4 for a missense variant. The REVEL score is 0.692, which is above the supplied generic BP4 supporting threshold of <= 0.29 (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997), so BP4 is not met. The score is not a benign BP4 result, and the SpliceAI max delta score of 0.688 cannot substitute for the applicable REVEL path. BayesDel is not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established for it.

Rule
BP4 (supporting): <= 0.29 — ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet) (PMID:36413997)
Evidence considered
  • Variant consequence: NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T produces NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val), a missense SNV; the generic missense path uses REVEL only.
  • Local REVEL predictor lookup: score = 0.692.
  • Generic ClinGen SVI REVEL calibration (Pejaver et al. 2022, Am J Hum Genet, PMID:36413997): BP4 supporting threshold <= 0.29; REVEL 0.692 does not meet this threshold.
  • SpliceAI max delta score = 0.688 was not used because a splice prediction cannot provide BP4 support for a missense variant; BayesDel score = 0.0191118 was not used because no generic ACMG-strength calibration is established.
Sources
revel
BP7 N/ANot applicable: BP7 requires a synonymous variant, and this is a missense variant. Details ▾Hide ▴
Reasoning

BP7 (Richards et al. 2015, PMID:25741868) is defined for a synonymous (silent) variant for which splicing prediction algorithms predict no impact to the splice consensus sequence and the nucleotide is not highly conserved. NM_001127701.1:c.863A>T in SERPINA1 is a missense substitution predicted to produce NP_001121173.1:p.(Glu288Val). As a result, the encoded protein sequence is altered, so the criterion's silent-variant premise does not hold regardless of any splicing prediction, so BP7's structural prerequisite is not met by this variant class. No VCEP criteria specification covers BP7 for SERPINA1, so the generic ACMG/AMP 2015 definition applies. This determination was made deterministically from the variant's consequence class, prior to LLM adjudication.

Rule
deterministic_prefilter: requires_synonymous
Evidence considered
  • Deterministic consequence classification: missense (prefetch.json normalized protein consequence)
  • VCEP criterion policy: absent
Sources
generic_acmg_combination_rules

Statement

In silico

SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.69). REVEL score = 0.692. BayesDel score = 0.0191118.

10 paper records listed. 1 cited in the classification.

Cited in the classification

  • Characterization of Novel Missense Variants of SERPINA1 Gene Causing Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.
    Matamala et al. characterized SERPINA1 missense variants in the context of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The paper explicitly used the established PiS S (Glu264Val) substitution in expression constructs; this corresponds to precursor-protein Glu288Val for the queried transcript because of signal-peptide numbering. The paper also places S among pathological SERPINA1 variants.
    → PS1 · strong Names this variant
    PMID 29232161 ↗
    Source detail
    This technique allows the characterization of about 30 normal and pathological variants (e.g. M, I, F, S, and Z). ... In the case of PiSDonosti variant, two expression vectors were generated: one only containing the Donosti substitution (Ser14Phe) and other containing both S (Glu264Val) and Donosti (Ser14Phe) changes.

    Location Introduction, lines 95-98; Expression plasmids and DNA transfection, lines 208-219

    Context SERPINA1 variant characterization using site-directed mutagenesis, transient HEK293T expression, protein secretion/polymerization assays, elastase inhibition, and clinical variant descriptions.

Other recorded publications

  • Compound heterozygosity for alpha-1-antitrypsin (S(iiyama) and QO(clayton)) in an Oriental patient.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 11334395 ↗
  • Whole-genome sequencing in newborn screening? A statement on the continued importance of targeted approaches in newborn screening programmes.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 25626707 ↗
  • PMID 21938795
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 21938795 ↗
  • Human Genetics Society of Australasia position statement: population-based carrier screening for cystic fibrosis.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 25431289 ↗
  • PiSZ alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD): pulmonary phenotype and prognosis relative to PiZZ AATD and PiMM COPD.
    The paper does not explicitly name SERPINA1 c.863A>T or NP_001121173.1:p.(E288V). It reports an observational comparison of PiZZ, PiSZ, and PiMM cohorts and clinical associations with emphysema, lung function, smoking, survival, and alpha-1-antitrypsin concentration; these findings are not a variant-specific functional assay.
    Does not name this variant
    PMID 26141072 ↗
    Quoted passage
    The S allele leads to a milder deficiency, and there has been considerable debate about whether heterozygous PiSZ patients are at increased risk of lung disease, largely due to the confounding factor of acquisition bias in some prior work.

    Introduction, paragraph 1

  • Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: clinical and physiological features in heterozygotes of Pi type SZ. A survey by the British Thoracic Association.
    The paper does not identify SERPINA1 c.863A>T or NP_001121173.1:p.(E288V), and provides no variant-specific functional data. It reports a multicentre survey of 25 PiSZ heterozygotes, including clinical assessment, lung-function testing, chest radiography, and phenotype identification by isoelectric focusing; serum alpha1-antitrypsin concentrations were approximately 30–40% of normal in PiSZ individuals.
    Does not name this variant
    PMID 6602622 ↗
    Quoted passage
    Next to type Z, type SZ of the less unusual phenotypes has the lowest serum AT concentration (30-40% of normal)

    Introduction; Results and Discussion

  • Standards and guidelines for CFTR mutation testing.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 12394352 ↗
  • Prevalence of &#x3b1;1-antitrypsin deficiency alleles PI*S and PI*Z worldwide and effective screening for each of the five phenotypic classes PI*MS, PI*MZ, PI*SS, PI*SZ, and PI*ZZ: a comprehensive review.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 22933512 ↗
  • Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria.
    No paper-specific finding is recorded.
    PMID 28492532 ↗

Screenshots represent source records captured during evidence collection. Select one to view the recorded source content.

All source links

Statements for reports

The evidence statements recorded by the interpretation pipeline. They have not been reinterpreted by the page.

gnomAD v4.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 0.0363596; MAF= 3.63596%, 58691/1614182 alleles, homozygotes = 1342) and has highest observed frequency in the Amish population (AF= 0.126096; MAF= 12.60965%, 115/912 alleles, homozygotes = 9); grpmax FAF= 0.0443425.

gnomAD v2.1

This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.0233536; MAF= 2.33536%, 6606/282868 alleles, homozygotes = 143) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 0.0366786; MAF= 3.66786%, 4738/129176 alleles, homozygotes = 117); grpmax FAF= 0.0356068.

gnomAD-Canada

This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.035237267890107504, 649/18418 alleles, homozygotes = 16).

ClinVar

This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (23 clinical laboratories) and as Uncertain significance (1 clinical laboratory) and as Pathogenic, low penetrance (1 clinical laboratory) and as other (1 clinical laboratory) and as pathogenic (1 clinical laboratory). (ClinVarID = 17969)

In silico

SpliceAI predicts possible splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.69). REVEL score = 0.692. BayesDel score = 0.0191118.

Somatic

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC; COSV63345500, n = 1 times).

Cancer Hotspots

This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.