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NM_001128425.2:c.1585C>A
p.Leu529Met · MUTYH
0%
complete
Final classification
Likely Benign
BS1BS3BP4
MUTYH
c.1585C>A
p.Leu529Met
missense · exon 16

MUTYH encodes a DNA repair enzyme (a glycosylase) that fixes oxidative DNA damage by removing adenine bases that have been mistakenly paired with guanine or with oxidized guanine lesions. Inherited mutations in both copies of the gene cause MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), a recessive condition that strongly predisposes people to multiple colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer. The gene acts as a tumor suppressor whose loss of function allows DNA damage to accumulate, and somatic changes in it have also been reported in colon cancer, though whether they drive cancer on their own is not fully established.

This variant

MUTYH encodes a DNA repair glycosylase, and biallelic loss-of-function causes autosomal-recessive MUTYH-associated polyposis with colorectal polyposis and cancer risk.

Transcript
NM_001128425.2
HGVS · transcript:coding
NM_001128425.2:c.1585C>A
GRCh38
chr1:45329371 G>T
GRCh37
chr1:45795043 G>T
Likely Benign: BS1 (strong), BS3 (supporting), and BP4 (supporting) satisfy the generic ACMG/AMP rule for one strong plus supporting benign evidence.
Classification rationale
BS1BS3BP4 Likely Benign
MUTYH c.1585C>A missense · exon 16

Likely Benign: BS1 strong is supported by the 0.0241 ancestry-specific gnomAD allele frequency. Likely Benign: BS3 supporting is supported by retained function in a quantitative MUTYH complementation assay. Likely Benign: BP4 supporting is supported by REVEL 0.237 below the <=0.29 threshold.

BS1 + BS3 + BP4 Likely Benign
LYFE Sciences is an AI system, and it can make mistakes. Criteria may be applied incorrectly, sources may be misread, and a confident-looking classification can still be wrong. Double-check every criterion and its underlying evidence before relying on any call.
Gene diagram · NM_001128425.2 · variants mapped to exon structure
MUTYH NM_001128425.2
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
Applied criteria · 3 applied · 21 assessed
MetEvidence satisfies this criterion.
Not metEvaluated against available evidence; threshold not reached.
Not assessedApplies in principle, but no evidence was found to evaluate it.
N/ADoesn't apply to this variant type.
Applied · 3
Strength Supporting Moderate Strong Very strong
BS1 strong Benign
Met, strong: gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer Admixed American AF 0.0241 exceeds the generic BS1 threshold of 0.01.
The retrieved MUTYH InSiGHT specification provides no populated criterion-specific population thresholds, so the supplied generic SVI BS1 default applies.gnomAD v2.1 non-cancer exomes report Admixed American AF 0.0241255554 (847/35108 alleles), exome grpmax FAF 0.0228593, and overall non-cancer exome AF 0.0036336473.The supplied generic SVI BS1 default is allele frequency >=0.01; per-gene derivation is preferred (Whiffin et al., 2017; PMID:28518168).
BS3 supporting Benign
Met at supporting: p.Leu529Met was functionally retained in a quantitative MutY-deficient E. coli assay using a less-than-1.7-fold wild-type mutation-rate retention threshold.
The MUTYH InSiGHT specification is applicable but provides no criterion-specific functional rule payload, so generic ACMG/AMP functional interpretation was required.The exact p.Leu529Met substitution was tested in a MutY-deficient E. coli complementation assay measuring rifampicin-resistant mutation rates against wild-type MUTYH.The study classified p.Leu529Met as functionally retained, with retention defined as a mutation rate less than 1.7-fold above wild type.
BP4 supporting Benign
Met at supporting: REVEL 0.237 is within the <=0.29 supporting BP4 threshold for missense variants.
Variant consequence: missense, NM_001128425.2:c.1585C>A, p.(Leu529Met).REVEL score is 0.237; the supplied ClinGen SVI calibration assigns BP4 supporting at <=0.29, moderate at <=0.183, and strong at <=0.016 (Pejaver et al. 2022, PMID:36413997).Path selection: missense variants use REVEL only; the SpliceAI max delta of 0.005 is not used for BP4.
Assessed · not applied · 9 not met · 12 not assessed
Pathogenic
PS1 Not met: the only p.Leu529Met functional report tested the index variant itself and found it functionally retained, with no independent same-amino-acid comparator.
PS2 Not assessed: no confirmed de novo observation or parental testing is documented for c.1585C>A.
PS3 Not met: p.Leu529Met was functionally retained in a MutY-deficient E.
PS4 Not assessed: no exact-variant affected-case count, control comparison, odds ratio, or enrichment threshold is available.
PM1 Not assessed: the applicable MUTYH specification provides no authoritative domain table or complete critical-domain boundaries for checking residue 529.
PM2 Not met: non-cancer gnomAD frequencies of 0.00363 and 0.00155 exceed the generic PM2 threshold of 0.0001.
PM3 Not assessed: no affected-proband observation or validated pathogenic MUTYH allele in trans is documented for this autosomal-recessive condition.
PM5 Not assessed: no independent pathogenic or likely pathogenic missense comparator at MUTYH residue 529 was identified for p.Leu529Met.
PM6 Not assessed: no apparently de novo proband report without parental testing is documented for c.1585C>A.
PP1 Not assessed: zero informative family members or meioses are documented for segregation of c.1585C>A.
PP2 Not met: MUTYH has numerous missense variants and established recurrent missense disease variants, so the PP2 low-benign-missense pattern is not demonstrated.
PP3 Not met: REVEL 0.237 is below the >=0.644 supporting PP3 threshold for missense variants.
PP4 Not assessed: no exact-variant patient phenotype or phenotype-specific diagnostic context is available for PP4.
PP5 Not met: ClinVar records 0 expert-panel submissions, and the available exact-variant submissions are Benign or Likely benign.
Benign
BA1 Not met: the highest observed allele frequency was 0.0241, below the generic BA1 threshold of 0.05.
BS2 Not assessed: 16 non-cancer gnomAD homozygotes are reported, but age and unaffected clinical status needed for BS2 are not documented.
BS4 Not assessed: no affected relatives lacking c.1585C>A or other documented non-segregation evidence is reported.
BP1 Not met: documented recurrent MUTYH missense variants mean its disease mechanism is not established as truncating-only for BP1.
BP2 Not assessed: no validated pathogenic co-allele or cis/trans phase information is documented for c.1585C>A.
BP5 Not assessed: no affected individual has a documented alternate molecular explanation that would satisfy BP5.
BP6 Not met: exact-variant ClinVar has 0 expert-panel submissions, so its Benign/Likely benign laboratory labels cannot trigger BP6.
N/A · 4 PVS1 · PM4 · BP3 · BP7
Research & evidence
Population frequency · supports benign
gnomAD v4.1 screenshot
gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD v2.1 screenshot
gnomAD v2.1
v4.1
The gnomAD v4.1 query FAILED for this variant, so its frequency in v4.1 is UNKNOWN. This is missing data, NOT evidence of absence or rarity, and must not support PM2 or any frequency-based criterion.
v2.1
This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 0.00315679; MAF= 0.31568%, 893/282882 alleles, homozygotes = 16) and has highest observed frequency in the Admixed American population (AF= 0.0240406; MAF= 2.40406%, 852/35440 alleles, homozygotes = 16); grpmax FAF= 0.0227806.
🇨🇦 CA
This variant is present in gnomAD-Canada v1.0 (AF= 0.0011399413744436, 21/18422 alleles, homozygotes = 0).
Allele frequency by ancestry
three datasets · side by side
gnomAD v4.1
Absent · 0 / ?
0 hom
Not observed in any ancestry group.
gnomAD v2.1
0.32% · 893 / 282,882
16 hom · FAF 2.3%
Admixed American
852 / 35,440
2.4%
16 hom
Remaining individuals
16 / 7,226
0.22%
African/African American
15 / 24,966
0.06%
East Asian
3 / 19,954
0.015%
European (non-Finnish)
6 / 129,186
0.0046%
South Asian
1 / 30,616
0.0033%
+ 2 not observed (Ashkenazi Jewish, European (Finnish))
gnomAD Canada 🇨🇦
0.11% · 21 / 18,422
0 hom · FAF 1.1%
Latino/Admixed American
15 / 838
1.8%
Remaining individuals
2 / 1,138
0.18%
East Asian
1 / 1,338
0.075%
European (non-Finnish)
3 / 11,742
0.026%
+ 5 not observed (African/African American, Ashkenazi Jewish, European (Finnish), Middle Eastern, South Asian)
ClinVar screenshot
ClinVar
This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Benign (11 clinical laboratories) and as Likely benign (6 clinical laboratories). (ClinVarID = 41756)
SpliceAI screenshot
In silico
SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.01). REVEL score = 0.237. BayesDel score = -0.124552.
Functional / OncoKB screenshot
Functional Unknown Oncogenic Effect
OncoKB did not identify variant-specific reviewed functional evidence for this variant; gene-level curated context is available for reviewer follow-up. MUTYH, a DNA glycosylase, is frequently mutated in colorectal cancer.
OncoKB ↗
COSMIC screenshot
COSMIC
Cancer hotspots screenshot
Cancer hotspots
Somatic evidence Not in COSMIC / hotspots
COSMIC
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).
Hotspots
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
Literature · how each cited paper was used
1papers cited
Each card is an audit: what was searched, what was found, whether it names the variant, which criteria it fed, and why. 9 further PMIDs triaged but not cited — see Sources & references.
Functional Complementation Assay for 47 MUTYH Variants in a MutY-Disrupted Escherichia coli Strain.
Searched
c.1585C>ANP_001121897.1:p.(L529M)p.L529Mp.Y179Cp.G396D
Found
The paper tested MUTYH p.L529M in a MutY-deficient Escherichia coli complementation assay and categorized it as functionally retained. It also reports numerous MUTYH missense variants and identifies p.Y179C and p.G396D as prevalent missense variants.
Variant
✓ Names this variant — characterised directly
Applied to
BS3 supporting
The direct quantitative complementation assay supports retained MUTYH function for the exact variant.
According to this categorization, 17 variants (p.V22M, p.G25D, p.D105N, p.I223V, p.V246F, p.G286E, p.Q338H, p.Q338R, p.Q414R, p.L420M, p.R426C, p.R437Q, p.A473T, p.S515F, p.P516L, p.L529M, and p.R534Q) were functionally retained
Location Results, BER Detection with a MutY-Deficient E. coli Complementation Assay  ·  Context MutY-deficient E. coli CC104mutY::Tn10 complementation assay measuring rifampicin-resistant mutation rates across 47 MUTYH variants; functional retention was defined as less than 1.7-fold higher mutation rate than wild type.  ·  full text
Sources & reference links
9Sources
CSpec VCEP
ClinVar
gnomAD v2.1
gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD-Canada
SpliceAI
OncoKB
COSMIC
Cancer hotspots
Triaged references · 9 PMIDs not cited in assessment
21167187 ↗ Variation in base excision repair capacity. CLINVAR
25741868 ↗ Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. CLINVAR
26467025 ↗ A Standardized DNA Variant Scoring System for Pathogenicity Assessments in Mendelian Disorders. CLINVAR
22703879 ↗ Secondary variants in individuals undergoing exome sequencing: screening of 572 individuals identifies high-penetrance mutations in cancer-susceptibility genes. CLINVAR
24728327 ↗ Germline variation in cancer-susceptibility genes in a healthy, ancestrally diverse cohort: implications for individual genome sequencing. CLINVAR
24996433 ↗ RAS testing of colorectal carcinoma&#x2014;a guidance document from the Association of Clinical Pathologists Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics Group. CLINVAR
25373533 ↗ Updated guidelines for biomarker testing in colorectal carcinoma: a national consensus of the Spanish Society of Pathology and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology. CLINVAR
19042984 ↗ National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry laboratory medicine practice guidelines for use of tumor markers in testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian cancers. CLINVAR
28492532 ↗ Sherloc: a comprehensive refinement of the ACMG-AMP variant classification criteria. CLINVAR