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NM_002439.5:c.316C>G
p.Gln106Glu · MSH3
ACMG/AMP
0%
complete
Final classification
VUS
BP1BP4
MSH3
c.316C>G
p.Gln106Glu
missense · exon 2

MSH3 encodes a protein that partners with MSH2 to form MutS beta, a key component of the DNA mismatch repair system that recognizes and corrects errors made during DNA replication. It acts as a tumor suppressor: loss of MSH3 function leads to mismatch repair deficiency, an elevated mutation rate, and increased cancer risk, and the gene is frequently altered in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers. Defects in MSH3 are linked to susceptibility to endometrial cancer, and inherited mutations are associated with an autosomal recessive form of familial adenomatous polyposis, with minimal evidence for a role in Lynch syndrome. Tumors with mismatch repair deficiency, including those involving MSH3, tend to respond well to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies.

This variant

This MSH3 missense variant affects a gene whose inherited loss of function is associated with autosomal-recessive familial adenomatous polyposis and mismatch-repair deficiency-related cancer susceptibility.

Transcript
NM_002439.5
HGVS · transcript:coding
NM_002439.5:c.316C>G
GRCh38
chr5:80656489 C>G
GRCh37
chr5:79952308 C>G
VUS: BP1 (supporting) plus BP4 (moderate) provide benign evidence but do not satisfy generic ACMG/AMP Benign or Likely Benign combination thresholds.
Classification rationale
BP1BP4 VUS
MSH3 c.316C>G missense · exon 2

BP1 supporting: MSH3 loss of function is established, without an established pathogenic missense mechanism at residue 106. BP4 moderate: REVEL 0.176 meets the moderate benign threshold, with concordant SpliceAI max delta 0.001.

BP1 + BP4 VUS
LYFE Sciences is an AI system, and it can make mistakes. Criteria may be applied incorrectly, sources may be misread, and a confident-looking classification can still be wrong. Double-check every criterion and its underlying evidence before relying on any call.
Gene diagram · NM_002439.5 · variants mapped to exon structure
MSH3 NM_002439.5
Fetching transcript structure from UCSC…
Applied criteria · 2 applied · 22 assessed
MetEvidence satisfies this criterion.
Not metEvaluated against available evidence; threshold not reached.
Not assessedApplies in principle, but no evidence was found to evaluate it.
N/ADoesn't apply to this variant type.
Applied · 2
Strength Supporting Moderate Strong Very strong
BP1 supporting review Benign
Met, supporting: available MSH3 evidence supports loss of function as the disease mechanism without establishing a pathogenic missense mechanism at residue 106.
The case gene-context assessment supports MSH3 loss of function as a germline disease mechanism and does not identify an established missense mechanism or critical domain for Q106.The generic ACMG/AMP BP1 concept is defined in PMID:25741868; no MSH3-specific VCEP rule was available to supersede it.
BP4 moderate Benign
Met at moderate strength: REVEL 0.176 meets the <=0.183 BP4 moderate threshold, with concordant SpliceAI max delta 0.001 <=0.1.
The normalized consequence is missense: NM_002439.5:c.316C>G, NP_002430.3:p.(Gln106Glu) / p.(Q106E).REVEL score is 0.176, meeting the supplied BP4 moderate cutoff of <=0.183 from the ClinGen SVI calibration by Pejaver et al. 2022 (PMID:36413997).SpliceAI max delta score is 0.001, meeting the supplied BP4 supporting cutoff of <=0.1 from the SpliceAI calibration by Jaganathan et al. 2019 (PMID:30661751).
Assessed · not applied · 10 not met · 12 not assessed
Pathogenic
PS1 Not met: no pathogenic variant producing the same MSH3 amino-acid change, p.Gln106Glu, was identified in the reviewed evidence.
PS2 Not assessed: no documented parental genotypes or confirmed de novo occurrence is available for the proband's NM_002439.5:c.316C>G variant.
PS3 Not assessed: no validated variant-specific functional assay was reported, and the available record states that functional studies have not been performed.
PS4 Not assessed: no exact-variant case-control counts, odds ratio, or statistically significant enrichment were reported for MSH3 c.316C>G.
PM1 Not met: MSH3 residue 106 is not supported by an approved critical-domain entry or statistically significant hotspot evidence.
PM2 Not met: gnomAD v4.1 total AF 0.000148697 exceeds the generic PM2 threshold of 0.0001.
PM3 Not assessed: no affected-proband observation or confirmed pathogenic MSH3 variant in trans is documented for this autosomal-recessive condition.
PM5 Not assessed: no validated pathogenic comparator substitution at MSH3 residue 106 was available for the required same-residue comparison.
PM6 Not assessed: no presumed de novo occurrence without parental testing is documented for NM_002439.5:c.316C>G.
PP1 Not assessed: no affected-relative co-segregation, unaffected-relative results, or informative meioses are reported for this variant.
PP2 Not met: the reviewed MSH3 cohort included recurrent missense variation, so a low rate of benign missense variation was not established.
PP3 Not met: REVEL 0.176 and SpliceAI max delta 0.001 are below PP3 supporting thresholds of >=0.644 and >=0.2, respectively.
PP4 Not assessed: no independently documented, highly specific MSH3-associated phenotype is available for the exact c.316C>G variant.
PP5 Not met: ClinVar variation 664483 has zero expert-panel submissions and no exact-variant expert-panel Pathogenic or Likely pathogenic classification.
Benign
BA1 Not met: gnomAD v4.1 maximum reported AF 0.000196605 is far below the generic BA1 threshold of 0.05.
BS1 Not met: gnomAD v4.1 maximum reported AF 0.000196605 is below the generic BS1 threshold of 0.01.
BS2 Not met: gnomAD v4.1 reports zero homozygotes, so the BS2 requirement for observed healthy homozygotes is not satisfied.
BS3 Not assessed: no validated variant-specific assay demonstrated normal MSH3 function, and the available record states that functional studies have not been performed.
BS4 Not assessed: no tested unaffected relatives lacking the variant or other informative non-segregation evidence is documented.
BP2 Not assessed: no individual-level co-occurrence or phase result shows MSH3 c.316C>G in cis with a pathogenic variant.
BP5 Not assessed: no verified patient-level alternative molecular diagnosis co-occurring with MSH3 c.316C>G is documented.
BP6 Not met: the only ClinVar Likely benign assertion is single-submitter, while exact-variant expert-panel Benign or Likely benign submissions number zero.
N/A · 4 PVS1 · PM4 · BP3 · BP7
Research & evidence
Population frequency
gnomAD v4.1 screenshot
gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD v2.1 screenshot
gnomAD v2.1
v4.1
This variant is present in gnomAD v4.1 (AF= 0.000148697; MAF= 0.01487%, 240/1614020 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 0.000196605; MAF= 0.01966%, 232/1180030 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 0.00017566.
v2.1
This variant is present in gnomAD v2.1 (AF= 6.71796e-05; MAF= 0.00672%, 19/282824 alleles, homozygotes = 0) and has highest observed frequency in the European (non-Finnish) population (AF= 0.000139381; MAF= 0.01394%, 18/129142 alleles, homozygotes = 0); grpmax FAF= 8.101e-05.
🇨🇦 CA
Not available in gnomAD-Canada v1.0.
Allele frequency by ancestry
three datasets · side by side
gnomAD v4.1
0.015% · 240 / 1,614,020
0 hom · FAF 0.018%
European (non-Finnish)
232 / 1,180,030
0.02%
Remaining individuals
6 / 62,488
0.0096%
African/African American
2 / 74,898
0.0027%
+ 7 not observed (Admixed American, European (Finnish), Amish, East Asian, Middle Eastern, South Asian, Ashkenazi Jewish)
gnomAD v2.1
0.0067% · 19 / 282,824
0 hom · FAF 0.0081%
European (non-Finnish)
18 / 129,142
0.014%
Remaining individuals
1 / 7,224
0.014%
+ 6 not observed (African/African American, Admixed American, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, European (Finnish), South Asian)
gnomAD Canada 🇨🇦
Absent · 0 / ?
0 hom
Not observed in any ancestry group.
ClinVar screenshot
ClinVar
This variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (7 clinical laboratories) and as Likely benign (1 clinical laboratory). (ClinVarID = 664483)
SpliceAI screenshot
In silico
SpliceAI predicts no significant splice impact for this variant (max delta score = 0.00). REVEL score = 0.176. BayesDel score = -0.487121.
Functional / OncoKB screenshot
Functional Unknown Oncogenic Effect
OncoKB did not identify variant-specific reviewed functional evidence for this variant; gene-level curated context is available for reviewer follow-up. MSH3, a DNA mismatch repair protein, is frequently mutated in colorectal cancers.
OncoKB ↗
COSMIC screenshot
COSMIC
Cancer hotspots screenshot
Cancer hotspots
Somatic evidence Not in COSMIC / hotspots
COSMIC
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot. This variant has not previously been reported in somatic cancers (COSMIC).
Hotspots
This variant does not lie in a statistically significant hotspot.
Literature · how each cited paper was used
1papers cited
Each card is an audit: what was searched, what was found, whether it names the variant, which criteria it fed, and why. 8 further PMIDs triaged but not cited — see Sources & references.
Rule & framework references · cited for criterion definitions, not variant evidence
25741868 ↗ Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology.
Sources & reference links
8Sources
ClinVar
gnomAD v2.1
gnomAD v4.1
gnomAD-Canada
SpliceAI
OncoKB
COSMIC
Cancer hotspots
Triaged references · 8 PMIDs not cited in assessment
26467025 ↗ A Standardized DNA Variant Scoring System for Pathogenicity Assessments in Mendelian Disorders. CLINVAR
28944238 ↗ Targeted sequencing of 36 known or putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes. CLINVAR
24493721 ↗ American Society of Clinical Oncology Expert Statement: collection and use of a cancer family history for oncology providers. CLINVAR
25394175 ↗ A practice guideline from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors: referral indications for cancer predisposition assessment. CLINVAR
29641532 ↗ Germline mutations in candidate predisposition genes in individuals with cutaneous melanoma and at least two independent additional primary cancers. CLINVAR
33451724 ↗ Endometrial cancer: A society of gynecologic oncology evidence-based review and recommendations, part II. CLINVAR
24905773 ↗ Endometrial cancer: a review and current management strategies: part I. CLINVAR
24929052 ↗ Endometrial cancer: a review and current management strategies: part II. CLINVAR