Pathogenic: PVS1 (very strong) is assigned for the exon E12(13) frameshift premature-termination variant. Pathogenic: PM5 (strong) is assigned by ENIGMA Table 4 for a PTC in exon E12(13).
BRCA1 encodes a large nuclear protein that helps maintain genomic stability by coordinating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination, and it also regulates transcription and the cell cycle. It acts as a tumor suppressor, working with proteins such as RAD51, BRCA2, BARD1, and PALB2 to preserve genome integrity. Inherited alterations in BRCA1 cause hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, with elevated risks of breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers, and biallelic loss underlies a rare form of Fanconi anemia. Because BRCA1-driven tumors rely on impaired DNA repair, they are treatable with PARP inhibitors.
This truncating BRCA1 alteration disrupts a tumor-suppressor protein required for homologous-recombination DNA repair and is relevant to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome.
Pathogenic: PVS1 (very strong) is assigned for the exon E12(13) frameshift premature-termination variant. Pathogenic: PM5 (strong) is assigned by ENIGMA Table 4 for a PTC in exon E12(13).